{"id":9625,"date":"2013-02-13T23:23:03","date_gmt":"2013-02-13T21:23:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=9625"},"modified":"2013-02-13T23:42:48","modified_gmt":"2013-02-13T21:42:48","slug":"turkiyede-denizcilik-egitimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/turkiyede-denizcilik-egitimi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’de Denizcilik E\u011fitimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu ve Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu, gemi adam\u0131n\u0131 Kaptan, zabitler, tayfalar ve gemide istihdam edilen di\u011fer t\u00fcm ki\u015filer olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan gemiler G<\/span>emilerin gemi adamlar\u0131 ile donat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin<\/span><\/em> y\u00f6nerge \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tonajlar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren gemi adamlar\u0131 ile donat\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ticari faaliyet g\u00f6steren gemilerde gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik organizasyonu ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\"Gemi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u00dclkemizde uluslar aras\u0131 sefer yapan ticari gemilerde ikinci veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc zabit olarak istihdam edilen uzakyol vardiya zabitleri periyodik olarak denetlenip yetkilendirilen denizcilik y\u00fcksekokul ve fak\u00fcltelerinde Deniz Ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130\u015fletme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi<\/span><\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131nda mezun edilmektedirler. Deniz Ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130\u015fletme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc e\u011fitim m\u00fcfredat\u0131 ve saatleri i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 kaynak temel al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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1.<\/strong> Denizcilere y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim ve s\u0131nav y\u00f6nergesi (Bu y\u00f6nerge ba\u015fta STCW olmak \u00fczere model kurs kitaplar\u0131 temel al\u0131narak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.)
\n2.<\/strong> Uluslar aras\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme olan STCW 95 \u201cGemi adamlar\u0131 E\u011fitim, Belgelendirme ve Vardiya Standartlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d
\n3.<\/strong> Birle\u015fmi\u015f milletlerin en aktif birimlerinden biri olan Uluslar aras\u0131 denizcilik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (IMO) gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimleri i\u00e7in yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 model kurs kitaplar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Deniz Ula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fletme m\u00fchendisli\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden yukar\u0131da belirtilen e\u011fitim programlar\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan \u00f6\u011frenciler bir (1) y\u0131l deniz staj\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra mezun olmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar. Daha sonra Gemiadamlar\u0131 S\u0131nav Merkezleri<\/span><\/em>‘ne ba\u015fvurup S<\/span><\/em>eyir, Vardiya Standartlar\u0131, Deniz Hukuku ve Denizcilik S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, Denizde Haberle\u015fme, Denizcilik \u0130ngilizcesi, Gemicilik ve Gemi Manevras\u0131, Gemi \u0130n\u015fa ve Gemi Stabilitesi derslerinden s\u0131nava tabi tutulurlar. Bu s\u0131navlardan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan adaylara Ula\u015ft\u0131rma, Denizcilik ve Haberle\u015fme Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011funda liman ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uluslar aras\u0131 bir yeterlilik olan U<\/span>zakyol Vardiya Zabitli\u011fi<\/span><\/em>\u00a0yeterlili\u011fi belgesi d\u00fczenlenir. Uzakyol Vardiya Zabitli\u011fi yeterlili\u011fi ile ticari gemilerde ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc zabit olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayabilirler. Uzakyol vardiya zabitleri yeni d\u00fczenleme ile 36 ay hizmet sonras\u0131nda Gemi Adamlar\u0131 S\u0131nav Merkezine tekrar ba\u015fvurup Seyir, Vardiya Standartlar\u0131, Gemi \u0130n\u015fa, Y\u00fck \u0130\u015flemleri Ve Gemi Stabilitesi, Deniz Hukuku Ve Denizcilik S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, Denizcilik \u0130ngilizcesi derslerinden a\u00e7\u0131lacak s\u0131navdan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 takdirde uluslar aras\u0131 bir yeterlilik olan Uzakyol 1. Zabit<\/span><\/em> yeterlili\u011fini almaya hak kazan\u0131rlar. Uzakyol 1. Zabitler 36 ay hizmet tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra tekrar gemi adamlar\u0131 s\u0131nav merkezine ba\u015fvurup Seyir, Vardiya Standartlar\u0131, Gemi manevralar\u0131 ve makine, Deniz Ticareti Hukuku, Meteoroloji, Denizcilik \u0130ngilizcesi derslerinden a\u00e7\u0131lacak s\u0131nava girerler. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 takdirde kendilerine t\u00fcm gemilerde ve denizlerde ge\u00e7erli olan Uzakyol Kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/em> yeterlili\u011fi belgesi d\u00fczenlenir. S\u0131navlardan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup yetki belgesini alan zabit veya kaptanlar ancak denizcilik \u015firketlerinin m\u00fclakatlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 takdirde g\u00f6revlerine atan\u0131rlar. \u00d6zellikle Kaptan<\/span><\/em> ve Ba\u015f M\u00fchendis<\/span> <\/em>atamalar\u0131 \u015firketlerin en \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticilerinin ortak olumlu kararlar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Denizcilik \u015firketlerinin kalite el kitaplar\u0131nda detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00f6revleri belirtilen zabit ve kaptanlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda; gemileri emniyetli ve k\u0131sa rotalarda bir limandan di\u011ferine sevk ederken, denizde veya limanda gemi personelinin, di\u011fer ki\u015filerin ve ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fck\u00fcn istif edildi\u011fi andan gemiden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kadar emniyetinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, planl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde gemi donan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 ve onar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn operasyonlarda \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 say\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca gemi kaptanlar\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 kaza veya s\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u015fanan y\u00fck\u00fcn hasarlanmas\u0131 gibi sigortay\u0131 ilgilendiren durumlarda donatan\u0131n ve bayrak devletinin hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilecek kadar hukuk bilgisine sahip olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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B\u00fct\u00fcn gemiadamlar\u0131 gitti\u011fi \u00fclkelerde T\u00fcrk milletinin temsilcisi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeli, gemi kaptan\u0131n\u0131n ise bir konsolos kadar diplomat, i\u015fverenin (varsa kiralayanlar\u0131n) deniz ticareti literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayacak kadar iktisat\u00e7\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki her limanda \u00f6n\u00fcne konan onlarca sayfa k\u0131ymetli evrak\u0131 inceleyip ilgili notlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferek veya protesto mektuplar\u0131 yazacak kadar \u0130ngilizce diline h\u00e2kim olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gemi Kaptanlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131n en g\u00fcvenli ve h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde tamamlanabilmesi i\u00e7in kumanda ettikleri gemi ana ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 makineleri hakk\u0131nda kifayetli bilgi sahibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fck istif ve tahliye operasyonlar\u0131nda geminin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hidrodinamik ve hidrostatik kurallar\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesine ve gemiye \u00f6zel haz\u0131rlanan hidrostatik cetvellerinin etkin kullanabilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kaptan gemisini var\u0131\u015f liman\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in bir o\u015finograf ve meteorojist gibi denizleri ve havay\u0131 anlamal\u0131 do\u011frudan kumanda edemeyece\u011fi ak\u0131nt\u0131, r\u00fczg\u00e2r, gel-git gibi d\u0131\u015f etkenlerin mevsimsel ve anl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerini hesaplayarak lehine kullanabilmelidir. Kaptan Radar, Echo sounder, AIS, GPS gibi bir\u00e7ok elektronik seyir yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkin kullanabilmeli ancak bu cihazlar\u0131n ar\u0131za yapmas\u0131 durumunda astronomik seyir gibi klasik seyir metotlar\u0131ndan faydalanarak gemisinin mevkisini tespit edebilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Gemi Donatan\u0131n\u0131 temsil yetkisi bulunan kaptan gerekti\u011fi durumlarda gemi personelinin hizmet akdini uzatma ya da fes hakk\u0131na sahiptir. D\u00fcnya sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re donat\u0131lan gemi revirinde olas\u0131 acil durumlara m\u00fcdahale yapmak i\u00e7in gerekli y\u00fczlerce ila\u00e7 ve malzemeler mevcuttur. Geminin sa\u011fl\u0131k zabiti olarak 2. zabit okul zaman\u0131 denizde g\u00fcvenlik dersi ve hastane staj\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bilgileri kullanarak gemide t\u0131bbi ilk m\u00fcdahaleyi yapmak, gerekti\u011finde sahilden t\u0131bbi destek istemek ve gerekli kay\u0131tlar\u0131 tutmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Gemi adamlar\u0131 t\u00fcm bu g\u00f6revleri ifa ederken limanlarda habersiz liman devleti kontrolleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirler. Y\u00fckleme ya da tahliye operasyonu, Balast operasyonu, Liman devleti kontrolleri, Yak\u0131t-kumanya ikmalleri, Hasta olan personelin geminin bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkede tedavisi gibi bir\u00e7ok operasyonu ayn\u0131 anda hatas\u0131z yerine getirmek zorundad\u0131rlar. Farkl\u0131 bilim dallar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren denizcilik mesle\u011fi hatalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n milyon dolarlarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir meslektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin deniz kazalar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015fubesi (Marine Accident Investigation Branch) ve \u00e7e\u015fitli deniz sigorta \u015firketlerinin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Deniz kazalar\u0131 istatistikleri incelendi\u011finde deniz kazalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llara oranla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve %90<\/span><\/em> oran\u0131nda insan hatalar\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gemi in\u015fa teknolojisinin s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu oranda insan hatalar\u0131na rastlanmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Deniz kazalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi hususunda Denizcilerin e\u011fitimi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemle durulmas\u0131 gereken bir konudur. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkemizde Denizcilik okullar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artar iken bu okullarda yeterli say\u0131da deniz tecr\u00fcbesine sahip yeterlikte e\u011fitici bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Bu durumun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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1.<\/strong> Denizcilerin denizde kazand\u0131klar\u0131 maa\u015flar ile (2\/3 Zabit 2500-3500 USD \u2013 1.Zabit 3500-4500 USD \u2013 Kaptan\/B.M\u00fchendis 5000-7000 USD) \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda kazand\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda u\u00e7urum bulunmas\u0131.
\n2.<\/strong> \u00d6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na atanabilmek i\u00e7in KPSS veya ALES s\u0131navlar\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olma gereklili\u011fi
\n3.<\/strong> Denizcilik alan\u0131nda lisans programlar\u0131na atanabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan y\u00fcksek lisans veya doktora diplomas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131 say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Takdir edilmelidir ki denizcilik alan\u0131nda en tecr\u00fcbeli denizciler Kaptan<\/span><\/em> ve Ba\u015f M\u00fchendisler<\/em><\/span>‘dir. Bu iki yeterlili\u011fe sahip olabilmeleri i\u00e7in deniz tecr\u00fcbesi yaparken e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc denizcilik e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda yeterli say\u0131da alan\u0131nda uzman denizci bulunmamakta, e\u011fitim deniz tecr\u00fcbesi olmayan e\u011fiticiler ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131navlar ile kazan\u0131lan yeterliliklerin her denizde ve her tip gemide ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 demek ki\u015finin o gemide kendinden beklenilenleri yapabilecek d\u00fczeyde bilgiye sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Kuruy\u00fck, D\u00f6kmeci, Ro-Ro, Konteyner, Tanker ve Yolcu gemileri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok gemi tipinin bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu gemilerden herhangi birinin \u00fczerinde k\u00f6pr\u00fc\u00fcst\u00fc vardiyas\u0131 tutmam\u0131\u015f limanda veya seyirde farkl\u0131 gemi operasyon yapmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan okunan bilgiler ile denizci yeti\u015ftirmesi do\u011fru bir y\u00f6ntem de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ba\u015fta bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerin limanlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclkemizin, gemisini emanet ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z armat\u00f6r\u00fcn ve b\u00fct\u00fcn operasyonlarda ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n temeli olan gemi personelinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek i\u00e7in denizcileri iyi e\u011fitmemiz gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda Denizcilik mesle\u011finin uzmanlar\u0131 olan Denizcilerin e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli d\u00fczenlemelerin bir an evvel yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Ekleyen:\u00a0\u00d6zge G\u00fcnayd\u0131n<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu ve Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu, gemi adam\u0131n\u0131 Kaptan, zabitler, tayfalar ve gemide istihdam edilen di\u011fer t\u00fcm ki\u015filer olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan gemiler Gemilerin gemi adamlar\u0131 ile donat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin y\u00f6nerge \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tonajlar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren gemi adamlar\u0131 ile donat\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ticari faaliyet g\u00f6steren gemilerde gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik organizasyonu ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. \u00dclkemizde …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1548,"featured_media":6859,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[522],"tags":[129,277,1297,1298],"class_list":["post-9625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ozel-yazilar","tag-denizcilik","tag-denizcilik-egitimi","tag-idris-turna","tag-ozge-gunaydin-eklemeleri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye'de Denizcilik E\u011fitimi - e-MarineEducation.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye'de verilen denizcilik e\u011fitiminin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131d\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/turkiyede-denizcilik-egitimi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye'de Denizcilik E\u011fitimi - 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