{"id":7219,"date":"2012-09-23T00:39:41","date_gmt":"2012-09-22T21:39:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=7219"},"modified":"2013-08-05T03:03:56","modified_gmt":"2013-08-05T00:03:56","slug":"denizciler-ve-hukuk-ucret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/denizciler-ve-hukuk-ucret\/","title":{"rendered":"Denizciler ve Hukuk: \u00dccret"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/profil-ozan-eritmen\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-4759\" title=\"Ozan Eritmen Hakk\u0131nda\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ozan-Eritmen-Taraf\u0131ndan.png\" width=\"264\" height=\"65\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ozan-Eritmen-Taraf\u0131ndan.png 264w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ozan-Eritmen-Taraf\u0131ndan-150x36.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px\" \/><\/a>Deniz \u0130\u015f Hukuku&#8217;nda<em><span style=\"color: #3366cc;\"> \u00fccret<\/span><\/em> i\u015fverenin en \u00f6nemli borcu, gemiadam\u0131n\u0131n ise en esasl\u0131 hakk\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00dccret denilince kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u00fccret \u00e7e\u015fidini anlamam\u0131z gerekir. \u00dccretlerden ilki <em><span style=\"color: #3366cc;\">\u00e7\u0131plak (temel) \u00fccret<\/span><\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan gemiadam\u0131na para ile \u00f6denen tutard\u0131r. Temel \u00fccrete prim, ikramiye ve di\u011fer ek \u00f6demeler dahil de\u011fildir. \u0130kinci kavram\u0131m\u0131z olan <span style=\"color: #3366cc;\"><em>giydirilmi\u015f \u00fccret<\/em><\/span> ise geni\u015f anlamda bir \u00fccret olup temel \u00fccrete ek olarak fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, hafta tatili, genel tatil \u00fccreti, prim, ikramiye ve de yeme, i\u00e7me, bar\u0131nma gibi ilaveleri kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u00dccretler hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir noktaya de\u011finmek gerekirse gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ve hesaplanmas\u0131nda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilen \u00fccret t\u00fcr\u00fc giydirilmi\u015f \u00fccrettir. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00fccrete hak kazan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olup \u00fccret kavram\u0131na hak kazanman\u0131n tek ko\u015fulunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmak oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretinin nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fi konusuna geldi\u011fimizde Deniz \u0130\u015f Hukuku&#8217;nda taraflar yani i\u015fveren ve gemiadam\u0131 <span style=\"color: #3366cc;\"><em>asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda<\/em><\/span> kalmamak \u015fart\u0131 ile \u00fccret miktar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilirler. Kanunun 6. maddesi gere\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken Deniz \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi&#8217;nde, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fccret esas\u0131, miktar\u0131, \u00f6deme zaman\u0131 ve yeri belirtilmelidir. E\u011fer ki Deniz \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi&#8217;nde \u00fccret miktar\u0131\u00a0 ve esas\u0131 ile ilgili gerekli belirtme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise \u00fccret miktar\u0131 denizcilik \u00f6rf ve adetlerine g\u00f6re saptan\u0131r. Bu \u00fccret asgari \u00fccretten az olmamak zorundad\u0131r. Gemiadam\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccretin <span style=\"color: #3366cc;\"><em>T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131<\/em><\/span> \u00fczerinden \u00f6denmesi esast\u0131r ancak yabanc\u0131 para birimi \u00fczerinden de \u00fccret al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deniz \u0130\u015f Hukuku&#8217;nda, zamana g\u00f6re \u00fccret ve sefer ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fccret t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. Ancak uygulamada en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan \u00fccret t\u00fcr\u00fc zamana g\u00f6re \u00fccret t\u00fcrleridir. \u00dccretin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda Gemi Ticaret Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda ise gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir kurtarma operasyonunda yer almalar\u0131 durumunda<span style=\"color: #3366cc;\"><em> kurtarma \u00fccretinden pay<\/em> <\/span>alma haklar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dccretin \u00f6denmesi konusunda kanun \u00f6demenin bizzat gemiadam\u0131na ya da onun yetki verdi\u011fi bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir. \u00d6nemli bir noktaya de\u011finelim; e\u011fer gemiadam\u0131 ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki Deniz \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi&#8217;nde aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa \u00fccretin <span style=\"color: #3366cc;\"><em>her ay\u0131n sonunda<\/em><\/span> \u00f6denmesi gerekir. \u00dccret ve ek \u00f6demeler s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirtilen zamanda, yerde ve belirtilen banka hesab\u0131na yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 30. maddesi gemiadam\u0131n\u0131n talep etmesi halinde i\u015fverenin elden avans \u00f6demek zorunda oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu&#8217;nda \u00fccretin \u00f6dendi\u011finin ispat\u0131 i\u015fverene, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u015finin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131 ise gemiadam\u0131na aittir. \u0130\u015fveren \u00fccret \u00f6demesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini, gemiadam\u0131n\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fccret defteri, bordro, \u00fccret pusulas\u0131 veya banka dekontlar\u0131 gibi belgelerle ispatlamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dccrete ili\u015fkin zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda \u00f6zel bir madde yoktur. Bu konuda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken kanun<em><span style=\"color: #3366cc;\"> Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu<\/span><\/em> olup 146. maddeye g\u00f6re \u00fccret be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabidir. Gemiadam\u0131 bu zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi boyunca \u00fccretinin \u00f6denmesini talep edebilir. Gemiadam\u0131 ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f aktinin sona ermesi veya bozulmas\u0131 sonucunda i\u015fveren gemiadam\u0131na \u00fccretini derhal ve tam miktar\u0131nda \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r. Aksi durum idari para cezas\u0131 olarak i\u015fverene uygulan\u0131r. Ancak gemiadam\u0131n\u0131n keyfi bir \u015fekilde i\u015f g\u00f6rme vazifesini yerine getirmemesi ve bu durumunda gemi jurnaline kaydedilmesi sonucu i\u015fveren gemiadam\u0131na i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunu yerine getirmedi\u011fi zamanlar i\u00e7in \u00fccretinden mahrum edebilir. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli nokta gemiadam\u0131n\u0131n mahrum edildi\u011fi \u00fccretin sadece keyfiyetten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin \u00fccreti olmal\u0131d\u0131r, ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neme ait \u00fccret hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde mahrum edilemez. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fccret ve \u00fccret niteli\u011findeki alacaklara yasal faiz uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fccretin g\u00fcvenceleri hakk\u0131nda muhakkak bilmesi gereken belirli noktalar vard\u0131r. Bu noktalara a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ra ile de\u011finmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u00dccretin haciz edilemezli\u011fi; <\/strong>Gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretleri Yeni Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re \u00fccretin d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde haciz edilemez.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Devir yasa\u011f\u0131; <\/strong>Gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretleri ba\u015fka ki\u015filerin nam ve hesab\u0131na devir edilemez. Yeni Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 310. maddesinde de gelecekteki \u00fccret alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka ki\u015filere devredilemeyece\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir durum yap\u0131lsa dahi ge\u00e7ersiz olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dccretin takas edilememesi;<\/strong> Bu konu ile ilgili d\u00fczenlemeleri Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda yer al\u0131p kural \u015fu \u015fekildedir; i\u015fveren i\u015f\u00e7iden olan alaca\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6demesi gereken \u00fccret borcunu i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan takas edemez. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin kasten sebep oldu\u011fu bir zarar yarg\u0131 karar\u0131 ile de kesinle\u015firse bu zarardan do\u011fan alacaklar \u00fccretin sadece haciz edilebilinir k\u0131sm\u0131 kadar ile takas edilebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dccret kesme cezas\u0131;<\/strong> Gemi adam\u0131na \u00fccretinden kesilme yapma cezas\u0131n\u0131n verilebilmesi i\u00e7in gemi adam\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi kusur s\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015f bir nedenden olmal\u0131 ve gemi adam\u0131na s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Ancak burada bir \u00f6nemli detay vard\u0131r ki o da gemi adam\u0131na yap\u0131lan \u00fccret kesme cezas\u0131 bir ayda \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden fazla olamaz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zarar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesinti;<\/strong>\u00a0 Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 39. maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015fverenin tazminat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak gemi adam\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici olarak al\u0131koyaca\u011f\u0131 miktar gemi adam\u0131n\u0131n on g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretinden fazla olmamakla birlikte on haftaya e\u015fit taksitlerle b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir. Yap\u0131lan bu kesinti b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f s\u00fcresi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir ve kesilen bu tutar gemi adam\u0131n\u0131n gemiden zarar olu\u015fturmadan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde gemi adam\u0131na kesintisiz olarak iade edilmek zorundad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u0130\u015f Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda kalan i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in kanundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da maalesef Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda hala uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dccretin ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131;<\/strong>\u00a0 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ve gemide istihdam edilen ki\u015filerin \u00fccretlerinin gemi alaca\u011f\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte bu nitelik ise gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerini alacaklar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde herkesten \u00f6nce alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yani ona alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcm alacakl\u0131lardan \u00f6nce alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Denizciler ve Hukuk yaz\u0131 dizimizin bu k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00fccret kavram\u0131na de\u011findik ve gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n belki de en \u00e7ok sorun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu olan \u00fccret ile ilgili mevcut kanun ve d\u00fczenlemeler ile ilgili elimizden geldi\u011fince bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Her ne kadar bu yaz\u0131 dizisinde b\u00f6l\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcm gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 sunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysak da biz gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka g\u00fcncel Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu, \u0130\u015f Kanunu ve Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu incelememiz gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mesle\u011fimiz gere\u011fi gemide her an i\u015f icra etmekte olup her an bu sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kanunlar\u0131n hitabet alan\u0131nda yer almaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>*Yaz\u0131 dizisi, Yarg\u0131tay 9.Hukuk Dairesi Tetkik Hakimi Say\u0131n Bekta\u015f Kar\u2019\u0131n \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ve Mevzuatlar\u0131 ile Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu isimli kitab\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 20px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Yaz\u0131 Edit\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong>: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/profil-orkut-akar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #3366cc; text-decoration: underline;\">Orkut Akar<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deniz \u0130\u015f Hukuku&#8217;nda \u00fccret i\u015fverenin en \u00f6nemli borcu, gemiadam\u0131n\u0131n ise en esasl\u0131 hakk\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00dccret denilince kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u00fccret \u00e7e\u015fidini anlamam\u0131z gerekir. \u00dccretlerden ilki \u00e7\u0131plak (temel) \u00fccret olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan gemiadam\u0131na para ile \u00f6denen tutard\u0131r. Temel \u00fccrete prim, ikramiye ve di\u011fer ek \u00f6demeler dahil de\u011fildir. \u0130kinci kavram\u0131m\u0131z olan giydirilmi\u015f \u00fccret ise geni\u015f anlamda bir \u00fccret &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[522],"tags":[752,1003,1495,3393,246],"class_list":["post-7219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ozel-yazilar","tag-deniz-hukuku","tag-orkut-akar-duzenlemeleri","tag-ozan-eritmen-yazilari","tag-ozel-yazilar","tag-rekabet-hukuku-sempozyumu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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