{"id":29314,"date":"2017-05-21T19:00:23","date_gmt":"2017-05-21T16:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=29314"},"modified":"2017-05-20T18:44:44","modified_gmt":"2017-05-20T15:44:44","slug":"hidrojenin-ek-yakit-olarak-gemilerde-kullanilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/hidrojenin-ek-yakit-olarak-gemilerde-kullanilmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hidrojenin Ek Yak\u0131t Olarak Gemilerde Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-29318\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/h2o-logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" \/>H\u0131zla artan n\u00fcfus ve t\u00fckenen enerji kaynaklar\u0131 insano\u011flunu yeni kaynak aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na itmi\u015ftir. Yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131ma sunulurken \u00e7evresel etkileri de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmeden daha \u00e7ok verimlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ama\u00e7la r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi, dalga enerjisi, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi, jeotermal enerji gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ayr\u0131ca 1997\u2019de imzalanan ve 2005\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>Kyoto Protokol\u00fc <\/em><\/span>gere\u011fi taraf\u00a0\u00fclkeler karbondioksit ve sera etkisine neden olan di\u011fer be\u015f gaz\u0131n sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya veya bunu <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-29319\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kyoto-protocol.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>\u00a0yapam\u0131yorlarsa karbon ticareti yoluyla haklar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya s\u00f6z vermi\u015flerdir. Protokol, \u00fclkelerin atmosfere sald\u0131klar\u0131 karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki d\u00fczeylere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmelerini gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Gemilerden kaynakl\u0131 kirletici emisyonlar\u0131 genel olarak, <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>NOX, SOX, CO2, HC<\/em><\/span> ve <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>PM<\/em><\/span> emisyonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Gemilerin, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 seyri s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 NOX emisyon miktar\u0131 <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>25 milyon ton<\/em><\/span>, SOX emisyon miktar\u0131 <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>15 milyon ton<\/em><\/span>, PM emisyonlar\u0131 miktar\u0131 <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>1,8 milyon ton<\/em><\/span>, CO emisyon miktar\u0131 <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">2,5 milyon<\/span> ton\u00a0<\/em>ve CO2 emisyon miktar\u0131 <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>1.050 milyon <\/em><\/span>tondur. Gemilerden sal\u0131nan CO2 emisyonu d\u00fcnyadaki toplam CO2 emisyonunun <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">% 3,3<\/span>&#8216;\u00fcn\u00fc <\/em>olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Orta vadeli emisyon senaryolar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, e\u011fer emisyon azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik kurallar olmazsa, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki karbon emisyon de\u011ferleri, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki emisyon de\u011ferlerinin iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 olacakt\u0131r <sup>[1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">T\u00fcrk denizcili\u011finin yeniliklere ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, fakat gemilerden kaynakl\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunun yan\u0131nda yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminin azalt\u0131labilece\u011fi, gemilere uygulanabilir yenilik\u00e7i fikirler geli\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29320\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/co2-emission.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/co2-emission.jpg 595w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/co2-emission-150x72.jpg 150w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/co2-emission-300x143.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/co2-emission-160x76.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Hidrojen Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hidrojen d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde en yayg\u0131n olarak bulunan elementtir. Su par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>% 60<\/em><\/span>\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecek olursa bunun ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi kolayca g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Ancak hidrojen do\u011fada ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7ok az bulunur. Bu y\u00fczden hidrojeni elde etmek i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m i\u015flemler yapmak gereklidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hidrojenin havaya g\u00f6re yo\u011funlu\u011fu <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>0,07<\/em><\/span>\u2019dir ve bu bak\u0131mdan cisimlerin en hafifidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00f6zenekli \u00e7eperlerden di\u011fer gazlara g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde k\u0131zg\u0131n derecedeki demir, platin ve iridyum gibi metallerden de s\u0131zar. Hidrojen helyumdan sonra s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 en zor olan gazd\u0131r. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">-240 \u00b0C<\/span>\u00a0<\/em>olan hidrojen atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>-253 \u00b0C<\/em><\/span>\u2019de kaynar, <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">-259 \u00b0C<\/span>\u2019 <\/em>ta kat\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Olduk\u00e7a iyi bir \u0131s\u0131 iletkenidir. \u00d6zellikle kendi hacminin bin kat fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcrebilen paladyum gibi kimi metaller taraf\u0131ndan kolayca so\u011furulur <sup>[2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Yak\u0131t Olarak Hidrojen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">S\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz olarak kullan\u0131labilen hidrojen bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle g\u00f6ze bat\u0131yor. Gaz halindeki hidrojen, ayn\u0131 hacimdeki havadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 kat daha hafiftir. \u0130\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlarda kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131tlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, s\u0131v\u0131 hidrojenin s\u0131v\u0131 hidrokarbon yak\u0131tlara g\u00f6re 10 kat daha hafif, gaz halindeki hidrojenin ise metan, do\u011fal gaz vb. gaz halindeki yak\u0131tlardan yine 10 kat daha hafif oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29321\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidrokarbon-ve-hidrojen-ozellikleri-karsilastirilmasi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"333\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidrokarbon-ve-hidrojen-ozellikleri-karsilastirilmasi.jpg 333w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidrokarbon-ve-hidrojen-ozellikleri-karsilastirilmasi-125x150.jpg 125w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidrokarbon-ve-hidrojen-ozellikleri-karsilastirilmasi-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidrokarbon-ve-hidrojen-ozellikleri-karsilastirilmasi-133x160.jpg 133w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hidrojen, hava i\u00e7erisinde <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">% 4<\/span>\u00a0<\/em>ile <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>% 75<\/em><\/span> oranlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulundu\u011funda kolayca tutu\u015fur. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle birlikte hidrojenin motorlarda yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj sa\u011flar. Hidrojen-hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 gaz yak\u0131tlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsak daha geni\u015f tutu\u015fma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir <sup>[3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Fosil yak\u0131tlardaki gibi karbon ve hidrokarbon \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini b\u00fcnyesinde bulundurmayan bir yak\u0131tt\u0131r. Hidrojenin, temiz yanma karakteristi\u011fi ve fosil yak\u0131tlara g\u00f6re daha iyi bir yanma performans\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131, hidrojen \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hidrojenin, yanmas\u0131 ile ana yanma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak su \u00e7\u0131kmakta, b\u00fcnyesinde C i\u00e7eren bir yak\u0131t olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, NOX d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; CO2, CO, HC, SOX ve organik asitler olu\u015fmamaktad\u0131r<sup>[4]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Hidrojenin Elde Edilme Y\u00f6ntemleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Fosil Yak\u0131tlardan \u00dcretilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Suyun Elektrolizi \u0130le \u00dcretilmesi\n<ol>\n<li>Alkalin Elektroliz<\/li>\n<li>Polimer Perde Elektrolit Elektrolizi<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek Is\u0131l\u0131 Elektroliz<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Foto-elektroliz \u0130le \u00dcretilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Foto-biyolojik \u0130\u015flem \u0130le \u00dcretilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek Is\u0131 \u0130le Bozulma \u0130\u015flemi \u0130le \u00dcretimi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u0130lgi alan\u0131m\u0131z gemiler olunca biraz ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparak konuyu bizim uygulayabilece\u011fimiz sistemlere indirgemek istedim. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz gemilerinde <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>\u201cta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fck i\u00e7in olabildi\u011fince fazla alan b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 istendi\u011finden var olan makine dairesine s\u0131\u011fabilecek ve fazla yer kaplamayacak, kurulum maliyetleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak olabildi\u011fince ucuz sistemlerin tercih edilmesi gereklili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecek ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015fletme maliyetlerinin de olabildi\u011fince d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutulacak\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span>gibi \u00f6zelliklerle gemide uygulanabilirli\u011fi muhtemel tek sistem suyun alkalin elektrolizi ile hidrojen \u00fcretilmesidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Alkalin elektroliz y\u00f6ntemi hidrojen \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in en basit sistemdir. Elektroliz i\u015fleminde do\u011fru ak\u0131m kullan\u0131larak saf su hidrojen ve oksijene ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.Saf su iletken olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan iletkenli\u011fi sa\u011flayacak ve reaksiyonu h\u0131zland\u0131racak kataliz\u00f6r madde olarak potasyum hidroksit veya sodyum hidroksit gibi bile\u015fikler suda \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29322\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/suyun-elektrolizi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/suyun-elektrolizi.jpg 290w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/suyun-elektrolizi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/suyun-elektrolizi-160x160.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Madem Suya \u0130letkenlik Kazand\u0131rmak \u0130\u00e7in Tuz Ekliyoruz; Neden Deniz Suyu Kullanm\u0131yoruz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-29323\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/soru-isareti.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"150\" \/>Alkalin elektroliz i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere deniz suyu \u00fczerine de ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak elektrolit s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen partik\u00fcller olu\u015fturmas\u0131, bu partik\u00fcllerin zamanla elektrot y\u00fczeylerine yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fi etkilemesi, deniz suyunda bulunan NaCI bile\u015fi\u011findeki CI&#8217;un, OH-&#8216;dan daha aktif olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, anottaki reaksiyonda, \u00f6ncelikli olarak NaCI bile\u015fi\u011finin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 daha sonra OH-&#8216;in ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu reaksiyon sonucu \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131, tahri\u015f ediciklorin gaz\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131nmas\u0131 sorun olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan vazge\u00e7ilerek, korozif \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmayan, hi\u00e7bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7ermeyen ve \u00e7evreye zarar\u0131 olmayan saf su \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<sup>[5]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Gemide Nas\u0131l Kullanabiliriz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hidrojenin ana yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde mevcuttur. Bir\u00e7o\u011fumuz hidrojen yak\u0131tl\u0131 arabalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar\u0131z. \u00c7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle depolanabilir bir yak\u0131t olan hidrojen i\u00e7in dolum istasyonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve kullan\u0131ma sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29324\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hydrojen-car-station.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hydrojen-car-station.jpg 595w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hydrojen-car-station-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hydrojen-car-station-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hydrojen-car-station-160x80.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Gemide tamamen hidrojen yak\u0131t\u0131 kullanmak en az\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fartlar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Ancak ek yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131labilir mi?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Evet. Asl\u0131nda konu \u00fczerinde pek de yeni olmayan bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma mevcuttur. \u00d6zellikle kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131nda yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimini azaltmak ve sal\u0131nan egzoz gazlar\u0131ndaki emisyonlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in hekzan, heptan, de\u011fi\u015fik dizel \u00e7e\u015fitleri, benzin, hidrojen peroksit, benzol peroksit, metil alkol, benzen, setan ve dietil eter gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli maddeler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu maddeler silindir i\u00e7erisine yak\u0131tla birlikte p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmek suretiyle ya da silindir i\u00e7erisine al\u0131nan havaya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak denemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; sonu\u00e7 olarak en verimli yak\u0131t\u0131n hidrojen oldu\u011fu ve hava ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak verilmesinin motor performans\u0131, yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi ve emisyonlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde daha etkili oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Gemide Uygulanm\u0131\u015f \u00d6rne\u011fi De Mevcut<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2012-2013 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ara\u015f. G\u00f6r. Burak Zincir taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek lisans tez \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak gemi b\u00fcnyesinde uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve geminin bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde sefer s\u00fcreleri boyunca toplam yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi, \u00fcretilen emisyon miktar\u0131 ve maliyet analizleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ana makinenin toplam hacmine g\u00f6re 2 adet alkalin elektroliz h\u00fccresi se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, bir tonluk saf su tank\u0131 imal edilerek gemiye montaj\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ara gaz iletim ve elektriksel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131yla sistem tamamlanm\u0131\u015f ve makinenin turbocharger emme taraf\u0131na ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca iletkenlik sa\u011flamak ve kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6revi yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in potasyum hidroksit kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Geminin bir y\u0131ll\u0131k yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi, hidrojenli sistemle hidrojensiz sistem aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131larak; MDO kullan\u0131lan bu pilot gemide y\u0131l baz\u0131nda <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">44 ton<\/span>\u00a0<\/em>yak\u0131t tasarrufu sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Hidrojensiz y\u0131ll\u0131k yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi 354 MT, hidrojenli y\u0131ll\u0131k yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi 310 MT)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ayr\u0131ca elde edilen emisyon de\u011ferleri incelendi\u011finde, en dikkat \u00e7ekici sonu\u00e7lar CO<sub>2<\/sub> emisyonundaki azalmada g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Hidrojen kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131t tasarruf oran\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak CO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>emisyonlar\u0131 da azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Potasyum hidroksit t\u00fcketimi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu bile\u015fi\u011fin bir defaya mahsus olarak ikmali yeterli olmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131ll\u0131k gerekli saf su maliyeti, sistemin elektrik maliyeti, sistemin ilk kurulum maliyeti hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elde edilen yak\u0131t tasarrufuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sistem kendisini <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">3,8<\/span>\u00a0<\/em>ayda amorti etmi\u015f ve k\u00e2ra ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bu yaz\u0131, yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131na sekt\u00f6rel a\u00e7\u0131dan fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konu hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bulunsa da egzoz emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunun T\u00fcrk denizcili\u011finde pek de \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen bir konu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Azalan fosil yak\u0131t kaynaklar\u0131n yerine yenilerinin bulunmas\u0131 ilerleyen zamanlarda daha da elzem bir konu olacakt\u0131r. \u0130nsans\u0131z gemilerin geli\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yeni yak\u0131t sistemlerinin denendi\u011fi, t\u00fcketimi azaltmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamandan beridir devam etti\u011fi d\u00fcnya denizcili\u011fine sadece izleyici kalmadan, az say\u0131daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n artarak devam etmesi sekt\u00f6rel teknolojik yar\u0131\u015fta geride kalmamak ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Kaynaklar:<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>[1] International Maritime Organization (IMO)<\/strong>. 2009. IMO GHG Study 2009.<br \/>\n<strong>[2] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bilgiustam.com\/gelecegin-yakiti-hidrojen\/\">Gelece\u011fin Yak\u0131t\u0131, Hidrojen<br \/>\n<\/a><\/strong><strong>[3] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elektrikport.com\/teknik-kutuphane\/hidrojen-yakitli-motorlar\/\">Hidrojen Yak\u0131tl\u0131 Motorlar<br \/>\n<\/a><\/strong><strong>[4] Gillingham K.<\/strong> 2007. Hydrogen Internal \u00a0Engine Vehicles: A Prudent Intermediate Step or A Step in The Wrong Direction? Department of Management Science &amp; Engineering Global Climate and Energy Project, Precourt Institute for Energy Efficiency, Stanford University, sf 1-28<br \/>\n<strong>[5] Kirk, D. W. , Ledas, A. E.<\/strong> 1982. Precipitate Formation During Sea Water Electrolysis. International Journal of HydrogenEnergy, Vol 7, No.12, pp.925-932<br \/>\n<strong>[6] Zincir, B. <\/strong>2014. Hidrojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 Yak\u0131tlar\u0131n Gemilere Uygulanabilirli\u011finin Ve Emisyon Sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131na Etkilerinin \u0130ncelenmesi Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tez \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>D\u00fczenleme: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #3498db\"><a style=\"color: #3498db;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/profil-tugay-hocek\/\">Tugay Hocek<\/a><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Ekleyen: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #3498db\"><a style=\"color: #3498db;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/profil-ayse-kirici\/\">Ay\u015fe K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u0131zla artan n\u00fcfus ve t\u00fckenen enerji kaynaklar\u0131 insano\u011flunu yeni kaynak aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na itmi\u015ftir. Yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131ma sunulurken \u00e7evresel etkileri de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmeden daha \u00e7ok verimlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ama\u00e7la r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi, dalga enerjisi, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi, jeotermal enerji gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca 1997\u2019de imzalanan ve 2005\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Kyoto Protokol\u00fc gere\u011fi &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1739,"featured_media":29326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[522],"tags":[3137,4830,4831,4832,4829,1539,3882],"class_list":["post-29314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ozel-yazilar","tag-ayse-kirici-eklemeleri","tag-hidrojen","tag-hidrojen-yakiti","tag-hidrojen-yakitli-gemiler","tag-kyoto-protokolu","tag-samet-bicen-yazilari","tag-tugay-hocek-duzenlemeleri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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