{"id":29307,"date":"2017-05-01T19:00:53","date_gmt":"2017-05-01T16:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=29307"},"modified":"2017-04-30T17:55:12","modified_gmt":"2017-04-30T14:55:12","slug":"gerileme-doneminde-osmanli-donanmasi-ve-istiklal-harbi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/gerileme-doneminde-osmanli-donanmasi-ve-istiklal-harbi\/","title":{"rendered":"Gerileme D\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131 ve \u0130stiklal Harbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Bahriye Naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi ve gerileme d\u00f6neminin b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kal\u0131c\u0131 hasarlar\u0131n\u0131n ziyadesiyle g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fclemez yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00f6nlemler ile kapat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorlu s\u00fcrecin donanma koludur.<\/p>\n

II. Abd\u00fclaziz d\u00f6neminde Hali\u00e7\u2019e terk edilmi\u015f bak\u0131ms\u0131z bir filo, Ertu\u011frul F\u0131rkateyni<\/em><\/span>\u2019nin hazinle biten Japonya seferi, K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi\u2019nin \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Tuhfet el-kib\u00e2r fi Esf\u00e2ri el-Bih\u00e2r<\/em><\/span> (Deniz Sava\u015flar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fcklere Arma\u011fan) adl\u0131 eserinde donanmaya verdi\u011fi tavsiyelerde1<\/sup><\/em><\/span> ve saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eksikliklerde hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve belirgin zabitan eksi\u011fi\/e\u011fitimsizli\u011finin T\u00fcrk-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk-Yunan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmesi, I.Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ziyareti ile donanman\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanma denemesinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 ile I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda kalan bir “Hasta Adam”… \u00dcstelik bir ku\u015fatma ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmese de, bir deniz sava\u015f\u0131 vermesi gerekti\u011finin fark\u0131nda! Yunanistan ve pek \u00e7ok devletin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de, h\u00e2kimiyeti t\u00fckenmeye y\u00fcz tutuyor.<\/p>\n

Duraklama d\u00f6nemi ile birlikte, deniz ticaretinde Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n gerisinde kalm\u0131\u015f ve padi\u015fahlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funun farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler deneyerek yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 donanmadaki reform hareketleri, k\u0131sa vadeli etkilerinin yan\u0131nda kuvvetini nesillere aktaramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kaptan-\u0131 deryalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip oldu\u011fu, hatta Cezayir-i Eyaleti Garp Beylerbeyli\u011fi\u2019nin bu pa\u015falara verildi\u011fi ve bu pa\u015falar\u0131n da \u201cday\u0131\u2019\u2019 diye isimlendirildi\u011fi bilinir. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin lider ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olarak Bizans\u2019a esir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f iken (1078) i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klardan yararlanarak ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan \u00c7aka Bey, askerlerini toplayarak \u0130zmir\u2019e ilerlemi\u015f ve merak sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 denizcili\u011fin tarihine ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131racak icraatlar\u0131na ad\u0131m atarcas\u0131na modern say\u0131labilecek bir tersane kurarak, 50 par\u00e7al\u0131k ilk T\u00fcrk Donanmas\u0131<\/em><\/span>\u2019n\u0131 kurmu\u015f ve girdi\u011fi ilk sava\u015fta bu donanma ile Bizans donanmas\u0131n\u0131 bozguna u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bahriye Mekteplerinin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, II. Mahmud d\u00f6neminde (1829) in\u015fa ettirilen Mahmudiye Kalyonu<\/em><\/span>\u2019nun d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f gemisi olmas\u0131, \u015eirket-i Hayriye<\/em><\/span> gibi k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131n temellerinin at\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi olumlu bulgular\u0131 olan Osmanl\u0131 denizcili\u011finin, 1877 Osmanl\u0131 – Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Tuna nehrinde \u00e7ok zay\u0131f kalmas\u0131 ve \u00fcvey evlat muamelesi g\u00f6rmesi, 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ertu\u011frul F\u0131rkateyni\u2019nin 533 denizciye mezar olmas\u0131 ile yasa bo\u011fulan imparatorluk, yenilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 donanma ve zabitan yeti\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Osmanl\u0131 – Yunan Sava\u015f\u0131 (1895), Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131 (1911-1912) ve Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 (1912-1913) ile yorgun d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na taraf olmu\u015f ve bat\u0131dan gelecek tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz giri\u015finde ve zafiyetten faydalan\u0131labilir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile Karadeniz\u2019de Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 deniz sava\u015f\u0131 verme zaruriyeti do\u011fmu\u015f ve donanma k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, d\u00fc\u015fman donanmalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara zorlam\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin bo\u011faz ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin vermemi\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar kaybetmelerine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftiren bu zaferde, bo\u011faz giri\u015fine k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar ile d\u00f6k\u00fclen paralel toplar, \u00c7anakkale\u2019nin bo\u011fazdan ge\u00e7ilemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve sava\u015f\u0131n seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Kara Harek\u00e2t\u0131 ile devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te Osmanl\u0131 Devleti zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile donanma Hali\u00e7\u2019e \u00e7ekilerek kabiliyetini yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dolmabah\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda \u0130tilaf Devletleri gemilerinin demirli oldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ordular\u0131 terhis ediliyor, cephaneleri toplan\u0131yor, tersane ve limanlar\u0131 devrediliyorken Anadolu\u2019dan \u00e7akan k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp yang\u0131n olmas\u0131 beklenmiyordu.<\/p>\n

Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa ve ba\u011fl\u0131 ya da ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan gizli te\u015fkilatlar ile Milli M\u00fccadele d\u00f6neminde aktif rol oynam\u0131\u015f zabitanlar oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bunun somut delili olarak Ayd\u0131nreis ve Preveze Gambotlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n milli h\u00fck\u00fcmete kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in izledi\u011fi yol g\u00f6sterilebilir. Muhaberat ve sevkiyat yolu ile Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 donanman\u0131n Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019de ilk defa rol almas\u0131 ve ufak boyutlu vas\u0131talar ile birlikte aktif olarak m\u00fchimmat nakliyat\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 imk\u00e2nlarla hayati katk\u0131lar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu katk\u0131 sadece meclisin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile milli egemenli\u011fin teminat\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flamam\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir gelene\u011fin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

24 Temmuz 1924 tarihinde Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 1 Temmuz 1926 da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Kabotaj Kanunu gibi cesur ekonomik devrimler yap\u0131lacak g\u00fcce k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede eri\u015filmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/strong>
\nD\u00fczenleme: R\u00fcya Hazar<\/a><\/span><\/strong>
\nEkleyen: Ay\u015fe K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bahriye Naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi ve gerileme d\u00f6neminin b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kal\u0131c\u0131 hasarlar\u0131n\u0131n ziyadesiyle g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fclemez yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00f6nlemler ile kapat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorlu s\u00fcrecin donanma koludur. II. Abd\u00fclaziz d\u00f6neminde Hali\u00e7\u2019e terk edilmi\u015f bak\u0131ms\u0131z bir filo, Ertu\u011frul F\u0131rkateyni\u2019nin hazinle biten Japonya seferi, K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi\u2019nin \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Tuhfet el-kib\u00e2r fi Esf\u00e2ri el-Bih\u00e2r (Deniz …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1715,"featured_media":29311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[1703,3137,4828,4827,2064,4826,4484],"class_list":["post-29307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-deniz-tarihi","tag-ata-alban-akgun-yazilari","tag-ayse-kirici-eklemeleri","tag-ertugrul-firkateyni","tag-istiklal-harbi","tag-kaptan-i-derya","tag-osmanli-donanmasi","tag-ruya-hazar-duzenlemeleri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGerileme D\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131 ve \u0130stiklal Harbi - 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