{"id":28574,"date":"2017-01-12T19:00:27","date_gmt":"2017-01-12T16:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=28574"},"modified":"2017-01-11T22:06:30","modified_gmt":"2017-01-11T19:06:30","slug":"bir-gemi-buzda-sikistiginda-ne-yapmali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/bir-gemi-buzda-sikistiginda-ne-yapmali\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir Gemi Buzda S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ne Yapmal\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-28576\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/buzk\u0131ran-logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" \/>\u201c<span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>Ku\u015fat\u0131lma<\/em><\/span>\u201d, bir teknenin etraf\u0131 buzla kapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, neticede kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcyle veya d\u00fcmen donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak manevra yapamamas\u0131 veya hareket edememesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Geminin buzla ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve d\u00fcmen donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gemiyi tehlikeli bir duruma s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilir ve tamamen r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n, havan\u0131n ve buz k\u00fctlelerinin insaf\u0131na terk edebilir. Durum daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye giderse, gemi s\u0131\u011f b\u00f6lgelere veya kal\u0131n buzlarla veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck buzda\u011flar\u0131yla kapl\u0131 alanlara s\u00fcr\u00fcklenebilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Buz tabakas\u0131 kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da buzun uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 geminin yanlar\u0131na bindi\u011finde, buz tekne g\u00f6vdesine bask\u0131 yapar ve gemiyi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. (Her iki taraf\u0131na zorla bask\u0131 uygulanm\u0131\u015f bu durumdaki bir gemi i\u00e7in, \u201cs\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d denilebilir.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bir geminin kaptan\u0131n\u0131n denizde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi en zor durumlardan biri, buz i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f geminin \u00fcstesinden gelmektir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda, <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma gemisi<\/em><\/span> olan <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">MV Akademik Shokalskiy<\/span><\/em>, <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">Commonwealth Koyu<\/span><\/em>\u2019nda buzla sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Etraf\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan buzu artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen sert bir kar f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131na dayanan Rus gemisini kurtarmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>buzk\u0131ran<\/em><\/span> \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ki hafta boyunca, Avustralyal\u0131 Antarktika Ke\u015ffi 2013-2014 seferi yap\u0131l\u0131rken, Akademik Shokalskiy, Antarktika\u2019da Commonwealth Koyu\u2019nda kal\u0131n buz i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kald\u0131<em>. <\/em>Bilim adamlar\u0131 ve yolcular 2 Ocak\u2019ta kurtar\u0131ld\u0131<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28577\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-Limanda-Buz-Tuttu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-Limanda-Buz-Tuttu.jpg 595w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-Limanda-Buz-Tuttu-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-Limanda-Buz-Tuttu-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-Limanda-Buz-Tuttu-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Buz seyri \u015fimdiye kadar bir\u00e7ok gemi kaptan\u0131n\u0131n ve hava durumu ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Bir gemiyi buz ku\u015fatmas\u0131ndan kurtarmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olabilir:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><u>Tahamm\u00fcl<\/u>: <\/strong>A\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar \u00e7o\u011fu kez denizcilerin sab\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermelerini ve ba\u015ftan savma \u00f6nlemlerden, buz k\u00fctlelerinin ve ak\u0131nt\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn kuvvetini hafife almaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep eder. Baz\u0131 durumlarda gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131n meteorolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131n iyile\u015fmesini beklemesi gerekmektedir. Bu, geminin yak\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 idare etmesinde ve bazen gerekli onar\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakta yard\u0131m eder. Bununla birlikte, dengeli g\u00f6r\u00fcnse bile bir geminin bir buzda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131na gelmesi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tehlikelidir. B\u00f6yle bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gemi yava\u015f\u00e7a hareket etmeye devam etmeli ve geminin hareketleri buzlar\u0131n hareketlerine kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, buzlarla birlikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir buzk\u0131ran yard\u0131m\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n veya buzk\u0131ran\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla bile bu uzun ve yorucu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda denizciler en iyi dayan\u0131\u015fmayla meteorolojik ko\u015fullar de\u011fi\u015finceye kadar sab\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korumal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><u>Geminin Dengesi:<\/u> <\/strong>Deniz \u00fczerindeki buzlanma, geminin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 riske atan en \u00f6nemli endi\u015fe sebebidir. Yo\u011fun buz olu\u015fumu pruvadan gelen r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve dalgalardan kaynaklanabilir. Buzlar\u0131n birikimi, r\u00fczg\u00e2r \u00fcst\u00fcnde, r\u00fczg\u00e2r alt\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha fazlad\u0131r. Y\u00fckl\u00fc bir gemi i\u00e7in, geminin s\u00fcrekli bir tarafa meyletmesine ve g\u00fcverteyi bat\u0131racak a\u00e7\u0131 yapmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28578\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-seyri.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-seyri.jpg 595w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-seyri-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-seyri-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-seyri-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Buz K\u00fctleleri \u0130\u00e7inde Seyir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Buz k\u00fctlelerine uygun bir giri\u015f noktas\u0131 en \u00e7ok arzulanand\u0131r ve olumsuz hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sab\u0131r isteyebilir. Buz k\u00fctleleri \u00fczerinde giden tekne, buzla beraber ilerlemeye ve istikrarl\u0131, fakat yava\u015f hareketini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Zorlayarak buz k\u00fctlesi i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7i\u015ften sak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilmektedir. \u0130lerleme ama\u00e7lanan y\u00f6nden ziyade genel y\u00f6nde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir gemi buz k\u00fctlesi i\u00e7inde geri giderken, d\u00fcmen her zaman ortada olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Pervanelerin k\u0131sa ve ileri hareketlerle yava\u015f\u00e7a d\u00f6nmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bir gemi \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, serbest kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tam yol geri denenebilir. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda, tanklardaki balast\u0131n aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya alternatif olarak trimi olduk\u00e7a azaltarak geminin serbest kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak olan, ba\u015f ve k\u0131\u00e7 tanklara su almayla da ba\u015far\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Y\u00fck kreyni \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131r bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k as\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, gemiye onu \u00e7evreleyen buzu k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeterli e\u011fim verilebilir. Makine dairesi alarm sisteminin veya buz demirinin buza tutturulmas\u0131yla gemiyi e\u011fmek i\u00e7in, geriye giderken k\u0131\u00e7taki vin\u00e7ler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Son \u00e7are, kesilen deliklerden buzun alt\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 10-12 m derinli\u011fe yerle\u015ftirilen patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kullanmak olabilir ve bunlar, gemi geriye hareket ederken patlat\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Buzlanmadan etkilenen b\u00f6lgeleri ge\u00e7erken buzlanma bilgisi, buzlanma tahminleri ve g\u00f6zlemleri, uluslararas\u0131 buz devriyesinden gelen talimatlar muazzam yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Bir buzk\u0131ran bir gemiye yard\u0131m ediyorken, geminin ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n buzk\u0131ran ve yard\u0131m edilen gemi aras\u0131ndaki i\u015faretleri tam olarak bilmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bir gemiden daha fazlas\u0131 buzk\u0131ran yard\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131yorsa, gemiler aras\u0131ndaki mesafe m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Sahil g\u00fcvenlik buzk\u0131ranlar\u0131 veya di\u011fer yard\u0131m sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar ile t\u00fcm gemilerin ileti\u015fimleri RT frekanslar\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli telsiz telefon dinlenmesiyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Buz seyri, k\u0131y\u0131 seyri, trafi\u011fin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu sularda seyir ya da nehir ge\u00e7i\u015flerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28579\" src=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-ile-kanal-seyri.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-ile-kanal-seyri.jpg 595w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-ile-kanal-seyri-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-ile-kanal-seyri-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/MV-YASEM\u0130N-buz-ile-kanal-seyri-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>IMO<\/em><\/span>&#8216;nun <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>Gemi Tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve Yap\u0131s\u0131 Alt Komitesi<\/em><\/span>, yeni olan <em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">SOLAS\u2019\u0131n XIV. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc<\/span><\/em> tasarlayarak Kutup Sular\u0131nda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Gemilere Y\u00f6nelik Uluslararas\u0131 G\u00fcvenlik \u00d6nlemlerini koordine etmektedir. SOLAS\u2019\u0131n XIV. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131, zorunlu olacak bir taslak kod geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>Kutup kodu<\/em><\/span>, kutup sular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gemilerle alakal\u0131 tasar\u0131m, yap\u0131, ekipman, operasyonel e\u011fitim, arama kurtarma ve \u00e7evre koruma konular\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermeyi hedefler. \u0130nsan unsuru, E\u011fitim ve Vardiya Tutma Alt Komitesi, Yang\u0131ndan Korunma Gere\u00e7leri, Emniyet ve Can Kurtarma Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc ayr\u0131ca yeniden inceleyecektir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Seyir, Haberle\u015fme ve Arama ve Kurtarma Alt komisyonu, Seyir ve Haberle\u015fme b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle ilgileneceklerdir. Kutup sular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gemilerden \u201c<em><span style=\"color: #3498db\">Polar Water Operational Manual<\/span><\/em>\u201d<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 istenecektir. Koda uygunluk esas al\u0131narak, kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren gemilere \u201c<span style=\"color: #3498db\"><em>Polar Ship Certificate<\/em><\/span>\u201d verilecektir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, gemi i\u015fletimi ve y\u00f6netiminin yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde gittik\u00e7e artmakta olan gemicili\u011fin selametini korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Gemileri ve gemiadamlar\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi e\u011fitim ve y\u00f6ntemlerle donatmak, tehlikesiz ve \u00e7evre dostu operasyonlarla sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.marineinsight.com\/maritime-law\/ship-is-beset\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #3498db\">Marine Insight<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>Terc\u00fcme: <span style=\"color: #3498db\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Saadet S\u00fclen<\/span><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> D\u00fczenleme: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #3498db\"><a style=\"color: #3498db;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/profil-ruya-hazar\/\">R\u00fcya Hazar<\/a><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Ekleyen:\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #3498db\"><a style=\"color: #3498db;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/profil-hasan-bolge\/\">Hasan B\u00f6lge<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cKu\u015fat\u0131lma\u201d, bir teknenin etraf\u0131 buzla kapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, neticede kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcyle veya d\u00fcmen donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak manevra yapamamas\u0131 veya hareket edememesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Geminin buzla ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve d\u00fcmen donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gemiyi tehlikeli bir duruma s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilir ve tamamen r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n, havan\u0131n ve buz k\u00fctlelerinin insaf\u0131na terk edebilir. Durum daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye giderse, gemi s\u0131\u011f b\u00f6lgelere veya kal\u0131n buzlarla veya &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8987,"featured_media":28575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[522],"tags":[4787,4786,4788,4789,4782,205,4484,3830],"class_list":["post-28574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ozel-yazilar","tag-buz","tag-buzda-gemi-seyri","tag-buzkiran","tag-gemi-seyri","tag-hasan-bolge-eklemeleri","tag-imo","tag-ruya-hazar-duzenlemeleri","tag-saadet-sulen-tercumeleri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bir Gemi Buzda S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ne Yapmal\u0131? 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