{"id":27008,"date":"2016-09-09T19:00:40","date_gmt":"2016-09-09T16:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=27008"},"modified":"2016-09-08T22:18:50","modified_gmt":"2016-09-08T19:18:50","slug":"esmeraldanin-efendisi-vasco-de-gama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/esmeraldanin-efendisi-vasco-de-gama\/","title":{"rendered":"Esmeralda\u2019n\u0131n Efendisi Vasco De Gama"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"VascoSon bir ka\u00e7 ayd\u0131r, Hindistan seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda batan Esmeralda gemisinin<\/em><\/span> enkaz\u0131n\u0131n Umman a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131yla tekrar d\u00fcnya tarih\u00e7ilerinin g\u00fcndemine gelen Vasco de Gama<\/span><\/em>, d\u00fcnya tarihine ve denizcili\u011fe olan katk\u0131lar\u0131yla bilinmektedir. Vasco de Gama da t\u00fcm di\u011fer k\u00e2\u015fifler gibi sadece ke\u015fif i\u00e7in sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yordu. Bu yaz\u0131da, Esmeral gemisi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Vasco de Gama\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131ndan bahsetmek istedim.<\/p>\n

Vasco de Gama, 1450 y\u0131l\u0131nda Portekiz\u2019in Sines \u015fehrinde do\u011fan bir denizciydi. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fundan beri t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 denizcilikle ge\u00e7irmekteydi. Do\u011fdu\u011fu yer olan Portekiz\u2019de, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardan itibaren korsanlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrle yeti\u015fmi\u015fti. Portekiz\u2019in en k\u00f6kl\u00fc ailelerinden gelmekteydi ve ailesinde de onlarca denizci bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131n denizde ge\u00e7ece\u011fi o g\u00fcnlerde belli olmu\u015ftu. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Portekiz\u2019de tan\u0131nan bir denizci haline geldi. 30\u2019lu ya\u015flar\u0131na geldi\u011finde, art\u0131k kral\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde en \u00f6nemli denizcilerden biri olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131lan kaynaklara g\u00f6re, Vasco de Gama 37 ya\u015f\u0131nda kral taraf\u0131ndan Portekizliler i\u00e7in kutsal bir hedef olan ve bir\u00e7ok zenginli\u011fi bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan Hindistan\u2019a sefer d\u00fczenlemek \u00fczere g\u00f6revlendirildi. Fakat d\u00f6nemin kral\u0131n\u0131n ani bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, Vasco de Gama bir s\u00fcre daha bu seferi d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in beklemek zorunda kald\u0131. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, eski kral\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en yeni Kral Manoel, bu seferi d\u00fczenlemesi i\u00e7in Vasco de Gama\u2019ya talimat verdi. Vasco de Gama\u2019n\u0131n emrine 160 denizci verdi. Bu denizcilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcsl\u00fcman denizcilerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Bu denizcilerden en \u00f6nemlisi \u00fcnl\u00fc m\u00fcsl\u00fcman co\u011frafyac\u0131 \u0130bni Macid\u2019di. \u0130bni Macid\u2019in ba\u015f k\u0131lavuzlu\u011funda ilerleyecek olan Vasco de Gama, di\u011fer denizciler gibi k\u0131y\u0131dan seyretmek istememekteydi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer denizcilerin seyretti\u011fi bu rota onlar i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli de\u011fildi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu rota m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n denetimindeydi ve gemilere sald\u0131r\u0131lar fazlayd\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden Vasco de Gama, Bartelemeu Dias’\u0131n ke\u015ffetti\u011fi ve Afrika’y\u0131 dolanan \u00dcmit Burnu’nu kadar uzanan deniz yolundan seyretmeye karar verdi. Ula\u015f\u0131lan kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re Vasco de Gama 8 Temmuz 1496 tarihinde emrindeki 160 denizci ve ufak bir filoyla seferine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Hindistan<\/p>\n

Vasco de Gama, bu seferinde b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndayd\u0131. Seyredece\u011fi rota \u00fczerinde, \u00f6zellikle \u00dcmit Burnu\u2019nda D\u00fcnya\u2019daki en \u015fiddetli r\u00fczgarlar ve f\u0131rt\u0131nalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu ama bu rotadan da vazge\u00e7mek istemiyordu. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131rken, Vasco de Gama ve emrindeki filosu \u00dcmit Burnu\u2019na vard\u0131. Fakat, buradaki f\u0131rt\u0131naya dayanamayan gemiler batma tehlikesi ya\u015fay\u0131nca beklemek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Bu durumdan rahats\u0131z olan bir grup denizci isyan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bu zor durumdan Vasco de Gama\u2019y\u0131 sorumlu tutmaktayd\u0131lar. Fakat Vasco de Gama, denizcileri \u00e7e\u015fitli vaatlerle ikna ederek bu isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131. F\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n dinmesiyle seferine tekrar ba\u015flayan Vasco de Gama, May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru Hindistan\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan Malabar sahilindeki Colicut \u015fehrine ula\u015ft\u0131. Gama\u2019n\u0131n Hindistan\u2019a varmas\u0131, Hintli t\u00fcccarlar taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n, Avrupal\u0131 denizciler \u015ferefine verdi\u011fi ziyafet bile gayet so\u011fuk ge\u00e7ti. Hintli t\u00fcccarlar, Avrupal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131skanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. O g\u00fcne kadar kendileri daha \u00e7ok kara yolundan ticaret yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bundan sonra deniz yolundan ticaret yaparak kendileriyle rekabete giri\u015fecek Avrupal\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 tehlikeli birer rakip olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 Gama, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Gama, A\u011fustos 1498\u2019de baharat y\u00fck\u00fcyle geldi\u011fi yoldan geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve Eyl\u00fcl 1499\u2019da Lizbon\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131. Co\u015fkulu bir kalabal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanan Gama\u2019ya kral asalet unvan\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

2. Hindistan Seferi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her ne kadar geldi\u011finde ho\u015f bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lansa da, Gama bu seferin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in 2. bir seferin haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flad\u0131. Kral da, Vasco Da Gama\u2019n\u0131n kendilerine g\u00f6re ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan seferinden sonra, tekrardan yeni bir seferin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Pedro Alvarez Cabral idaresinde, kimi kaynaklarda 13 gemilik kimi kaynaklarda ise 15 gemiden olu\u015fan, bir \u00f6ncekinde \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan bir filoyu Hindistan\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi. B\u00f6ylece, Avrupal\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar Hindistan\u2019a yerle\u015fecek, Avrupa ile Hindistan aras\u0131ndaki ticaret sa\u011flam bir esasa ba\u011flanacakt\u0131. Hazin bir sonla bu seferde yolculu\u011fu yar\u0131m kalacak olan g\u00fczel Esmeralda da, bu seferde maceraya ortak olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\"2.<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019a giden ikinci filo da iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131. Yerliler gemicilerin \u00e7o\u011funu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Ayr\u0131ca Hindistan\u2019a varmadan \u00f6nce Esmeralda gemisinde f\u0131rt\u0131nada batm\u0131\u015f ve di\u011fer gemiler de hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Gama bu seferden yenilgiyle d\u00f6nmek istemedi ve Kalk\u00fcta \u015fehir halk\u0131n\u0131n direnmesi \u00fczerine bombalad\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir vah\u015fet ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu olay, Vasco de Gama\u2019n\u0131n karanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra Kochin ve Kannanore \u015fehirlerinde ticaret kararg\u00e2hlar\u0131 kurdu ve b\u00f6lgede korsanl\u0131k yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ellerindeki gemileri onard\u0131ktan sonra, 1503 senesinde Lizbon\u2019a zengin bir y\u00fckle d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Hindistan’a deniz yoluyla ula\u015fabilmeleri, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin ve \u0130ran’\u0131n ticari alandaki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine son vermi\u015f, deniz ticaretinde Avrupal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Vasco de Gama bunun ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmesine ra\u011fmen, yakla\u015f\u0131k yirmi y\u0131l hi\u00e7 kimse onu hat\u0131rlamad\u0131, yeni i\u015f vermedi. Ancak, yerlilerle Portekizliler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k kanl\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar oluyordu. En sonunda, Vasco Da Gama\u2019ya yeniden Hindistan\u2019a gitmesi emredildi. Ancak Vasco de Gama art\u0131k \u00e7ok ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Elde edilen kaynaklara g\u00f6re 1523 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gama yeniden denize a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat sefer s\u0131ras\u0131nda Gama rahats\u0131zland\u0131. G\u00fcnlerce ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesi veren Gama, Hindistan\u2019a ula\u015famadan \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ko\u00e7in liman\u0131na naa\u015f\u0131 ula\u015fan Gama, sonras\u0131nda Portekiz\u2019e getirildi, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renle g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\"Vasco
Vasco De Gama\u2019n\u0131n Mezar\u0131<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vasco de Gama d\u00fcnya denizcili\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar vermi\u015f ve d\u00fcnya tarihinde de \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vasco Da Gama\u2019n\u0131n Hindistan\u2019a denizden yol bulmas\u0131, ke\u015fifler tarihinde Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ke\u015ffi kadar \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Ancak bereket diyar\u0131 Hindistan\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar onun karanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca yerliler ile, Avrupal\u0131 denizcilerin aras\u0131n\u0131n daha da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetleri her zaman bu topraklara zarar vermi\u015f, ama d\u00fcnya denizlerinde ticaret yeni yollar\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vasco de Gama\u2019da bunun \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"Vasco
Vasco De Gama An\u0131t\u0131<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00fczenleme: R\u00fcya Hazar<\/a><\/span><\/strong>
\n Ekleyen: Ay\u015fe K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Son bir ka\u00e7 ayd\u0131r, Hindistan seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda batan Esmeralda gemisinin enkaz\u0131n\u0131n Umman a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131yla tekrar d\u00fcnya tarih\u00e7ilerinin g\u00fcndemine gelen Vasco de Gama, d\u00fcnya tarihine ve denizcili\u011fe olan katk\u0131lar\u0131yla bilinmektedir. Vasco de Gama da t\u00fcm di\u011fer k\u00e2\u015fifler gibi sadece ke\u015fif i\u00e7in sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yordu. Bu yaz\u0131da, Esmeral gemisi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Vasco de Gama\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131ndan bahsetmek istedim. Vasco …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":27016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[3137,4596,4590,4589,4594,4593,4592,4597,4595,4484,1046,4591],"class_list":["post-27008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-deniz-tarihi","tag-ayse-kirici-eklemeleri","tag-bartelemeu-dias","tag-esmeralda","tag-esmeralda-gemisi","tag-hindistan","tag-ibni-macid","tag-kral-manoel","tag-lizbon","tag-portekiz","tag-ruya-hazar-duzenlemeleri","tag-tayfun-emre-zerde-yazilari","tag-vasco-de-gama"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEsmeralda\u2019n\u0131n Efendisi Vasco De Gama - e-MarineEducation.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Avrupal\u0131 denizcilerin hindistan seferlerinin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olan Vasco de Gama'n\u0131n Hindistan seferlerinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tayfun Emre Zerde taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131d\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/esmeraldanin-efendisi-vasco-de-gama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Esmeralda\u2019n\u0131n Efendisi Vasco De Gama - 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