{"id":24723,"date":"2016-05-29T21:32:32","date_gmt":"2016-05-29T18:32:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=24723"},"modified":"2016-05-29T21:31:40","modified_gmt":"2016-05-29T18:31:40","slug":"tehlikeli-madde-lojistigi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/tehlikeli-madde-lojistigi\/","title":{"rendered":"Tehlikeli Madde Lojisti\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sinem<\/a>\u00d6zellikleri, durumlar\u0131 ve yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 insanlara, canl\u0131lara, \u00e7evreye ve mala zarar verebilecek kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz halindeki t\u00fcm madde ve nesnelere \u201cTehlikeli Madde<\/span><\/em>\u201d ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tehlikeli madde ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131ma t\u00fcrleri ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Genel anlamda lojisti\u011fi \u00e7ok hassas<\/em><\/span> ve dikkatli<\/span><\/em> bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken maddelerin bu \u00f6zellikleri dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa, her bir ta\u015f\u0131ma t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re konvansiyonlar geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve bu konvansiyonlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir takim kurallar olu\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r. Tehlike maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bu kurallara uygun bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. S\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131ma t\u00fcrlerini, sorumlu kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve konvansiyonlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde s\u0131rlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Sorumlu
\n T\u00fcm ta\u015f\u0131ma tipleri i\u00e7in (deniz, hava, tren, kara ve i\u00e7 suyollar\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131ma) tehlikeli maddelerin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve risk tan\u0131mlar\u0131 United Nations (UN)<\/em><\/span> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nan kimyasal maddeler 9 s\u0131n\u0131f alt\u0131nda incelenmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 alanda kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f \u201cTehlikeli Madde Ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131\u201d hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u015fekli a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir;<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 1 Patlay\u0131c\u0131lar:<\/strong> Patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde ve e\u015fyalard\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131f normalde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f bir madde s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131d\u0131r ve sadece IMDG kapsam\u0131ndaki y\u00fckler ta\u015f\u0131nabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 2 Gazlar:<\/strong> Bu s\u0131n\u0131ftaki gazlar; yan\u0131c\u0131, yan\u0131c\u0131 ve zehirli olmayan gazlar ve zehirli gazlar olarak 3\u2019e ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 2.1 Yan\u0131c\u0131 Gazlar:<\/strong> Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip 20 \u00b0C alt\u0131nda gaz halinde bulunan gazlard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; LPG, do\u011fal gaz, asetilen vb.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 2.2 Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve Zehirli Olmayan Gazlar:<\/strong> Bu s\u0131n\u0131fa giren gazlar; bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gazlar ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gazlard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin helyum, azot, argon vb. Bu gazlar\u0131n yan\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri olmamakla birlikte bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 herhangi bir darbe, y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131 veya benzer nedenlerden dolay\u0131 patlama riskleri vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 2.3 Zehirli Gazlar:<\/strong> \u0130nsan ve di\u011fer canl\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinen ve ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k tehlikesi yaratan gazlard\u0131r. Do\u011frudan temas ve solunmadan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 3 Yan\u0131c\u0131 S\u0131v\u0131lar:<\/strong> Parlama noktas\u0131, 61\u00b0\u2019nin alt\u0131nda olan, alev alabilen ve hassasiyeti azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f patlay\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lard\u0131r. Mazot, benzin, tiner, gibi s\u0131v\u0131lar bu s\u0131n\u0131fta yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 4 Yan\u0131c\u0131 Kat\u0131lar:<\/strong> Kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fabilen, ani ate\u015f alabilen ve suyla temas etti\u011finde yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz \u00e7\u0131karan maddeler olarak 3 alt s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 4.1 Ani Ate\u015f Alabilen:<\/strong> Is\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle yanabilen kat\u0131 malzemelerdir. Yang\u0131n durumunda su, Kuru Kimyevi Toz ve CO2 t\u00fcp\u00fc ile m\u00fcdahale edilebilir. Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta patlama riski mevcuttur.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 4.2 Kendili\u011finden Yanmaya Yatk\u0131n Maddeler:<\/strong> Hava ile temas\u0131n be\u015finci dakikas\u0131nda ate\u015f alan ya da hava ile temas etti\u011finde ek bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan \u0131s\u0131nan maddelerdir. Kuru Kimyevi Toz veya CO2 t\u00fcp\u00fc ile m\u00fcdahale edilir. Su kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 4.3 Suyla Temas Ettiklerinde Yan\u0131c\u0131 Gaz \u00c7\u0131karan Maddeler:<\/strong> Bu maddeler suyla temas ettiklerinde yan\u0131c\u0131 ya da zehirli gaz \u00e7\u0131karan maddelerdir. Asla su ile m\u00fcdahale edilmez.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 5 Oksitleyici Maddeler ve Organik Peroksitler (Yak\u0131c\u0131 Maddeler):<\/strong> Di\u011fer maddelerle \u00f6zellikle de yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerle temas\u0131 ettiklerinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u0131s\u0131ya neden olan maddelerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 5.1 Oksitleyici Maddeler:<\/strong> Bu t\u00fcr maddeler oksijen salg\u0131layarak di\u011fer maddelerin yanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan maddelerdir. Yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerle asla ayn\u0131 ortamda bulundurulmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 5.2 Organik Peroksitler:<\/strong> Organik peroksitler, normal veya y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda, \u0131s\u0131 verecek \u015fekilde bozulmaya yatk\u0131nd\u0131r. Bozulma, zararl\u0131 veya alevlenir gazlar\u0131n veya buharlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 6 Zehirli ve Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 Maddeler:<\/strong> Solundu\u011funda, a\u011f\u0131z yoluyla al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya deriye uzun sureli temas halinde olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00f6l\u00fcme veya insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda akut ya da kronik hasarlara neden olan maddelerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 6.1 Zehirli (Toksik) Maddeler:<\/strong> Hayvanlar \u00fczerindeki deneylerle bilinen, olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlar\u0131 tek bir etki ile veya k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli etki ile insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararl\u0131 olan veya \u00f6ld\u00fcren, solunum yoluyla, deri temas\u0131yla veya sindirim yoluyla etkili olan maddeleri kapsar.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 6.2 Biyolojik Zararl\u0131 Maddeler:<\/strong> Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k muhteviyatl\u0131, bir patojen ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen ya da \u015f\u00fcphelenilen maddelerdir. S\u0131n\u0131f 6.2\u2019nin limana giri\u015fi yasakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 7 Radyoaktif Maddeler<\/strong>: Yap\u0131s\u0131nda radyasyon bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ve radyasyon seviyesinin belirli bir seviyenin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu maddelerdir. Radyoaktif malzeme ta\u015f\u0131yan IMDG konteynerlerin liman sahas\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve \u00fczerinde herhangi bir i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 8 A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (Korozif) Maddeler:<\/strong> Canl\u0131 doku ile temas\u0131nda, dokunun tahribat\u0131na neden olabilen maddeler ve m\u00fcstahzarlard\u0131r. Belirli bir s\u00fcre temas halinde bulundu\u011funda insan derisi \u00fczerinde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, kal\u0131nl\u0131k azalt\u0131c\u0131 etkisi olan maddelerdir. Bu maddeler ile direk temastan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f 9 Di\u011fer Tehlikeli Maddeler:<\/strong> Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tehlike arz eden ama tan\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flardan herhangi birine uymayan maddeler bu s\u0131n\u0131fa girer. Bu maddeler iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan, rutubetsiz alanlarda depolanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Tehlikeli
\n Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe g\u00f6re tehlikeli maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ilgili tehlike gruplar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir;<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Grup 1:<\/strong>Patlay\u0131c\u0131 cisimler, tutu\u015fturucu ve benzeri maddeler, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gazlar.<\/span>
\n Grup 2:<\/strong> Kendili\u011finden k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn maddeler.<\/span>
\n Grup 3:<\/strong> Kolayca tutu\u015fabilen s\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131 maddeler, yak\u0131c\u0131 maddeler.<\/span>
\n Grup 4:<\/strong> Zehirli maddeler, radyoaktif maddeler.<\/span>
\n Grup 5:<\/strong> A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tehlikeli madde lojisti\u011finde di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r ise ambalajlamad\u0131r. Tehlikeli maddelerin depolama ve ta\u015f\u0131ma esnas\u0131nda; s\u0131zma, ka\u00e7ak, d\u00f6k\u00fclme ve bula\u015fma gibi yollarla ambalaj d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlenmelidir. Bu y\u00fczden ambalajlama da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken (kutu, kasa, tank, \u015fi\u015fe vb.) \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin i\u00e7lerine konulacak maddelerin fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklere uygun olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tehlikeli maddenin depolanmas\u0131 ise di\u011fer bir dikkat edilmesi gereken bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanda k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m veya alev \u00e7\u0131kartabilecek \u0131s\u0131tma sistemleri kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Depo i\u00e7erisinde havan\u0131n kurumas\u0131na izin verilmekte ve havan\u0131n belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde nemli kalmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin bulundu\u011fu depolar\u0131n zeminleri a\u015f\u0131nmaz malzemeden imal edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tehlikeli maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ise bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma t\u00fcrleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce iyi elle\u00e7lenmesi gerekti\u011finin unutulmamas\u0131 gerekmekle birlikte, emniyet tedbirlerinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olunarak acil durumlarda yap\u0131lacaklar\u0131n listesi Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) d\u00fczenlenerek, tas\u0131ma esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6revli insanlar taraf\u0131ndan gerekli e\u011fitimin \u00e2linmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nma esnas\u0131nda herkesin ula\u015fabilece\u011fi yerlerde bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Tehlikeli maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ilgili olarak bir tak\u0131m yasal d\u00fczenlemeler vard\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenlemelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fta karayolu olmak \u00fczere demir, deniz ve havayolu ula\u015f\u0131m t\u00fcrlerine uyulacak y\u00f6ntem ve esaslar belirlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, bir tehlikeli madde, karayoluyla ba\u015flar, demiryoluyla limana ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, oradan ba\u015fka bir k\u0131taya denizyolu ile ge\u00e7erek ve havayoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na devam ederek ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye gidebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tehlikeli madde ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131ma t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Deniz yolu ile tehlikeli madde ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli kavramlar; sa\u011fl\u0131k, g\u00fcvenlik ve \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fczenleme: Batuhan Omacan<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n Ekleyen: Ay\u015fe K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zellikleri, durumlar\u0131 ve yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 insanlara, canl\u0131lara, \u00e7evreye ve mala zarar verebilecek kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz halindeki t\u00fcm madde ve nesnelere \u201cTehlikeli Madde\u201d ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Tehlikeli madde ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131ma t\u00fcrleri ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Genel anlamda lojisti\u011fi \u00e7ok hassas ve dikkatli bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken maddelerin bu \u00f6zellikleri dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7677,"featured_media":24729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[522],"tags":[4304,4303,4313,3137,4325,4305,4307,4297,4294,4296,4290,205,4298,4295,4292,4314,4291,4317,4316,4318,4306,4293,3788,4320,4321,4322,4323,4324,4315,4287,4282,4284,4283,4289,4288,1647,4286,4301,4285,4302,4308,4312,4311,4309,4310,4319,4300,4299],"class_list":["post-24723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ozel-yazilar","tag-adnr-adn","tag-adr","tag-ani-ates-alabilen-maddeler","tag-ayse-kirici-eklemeleri","tag-batuhan-omacan-duzenlemeleri","tag-dgr","tag-gazlar","tag-iata","tag-icao","tag-icao-ti","tag-imgd","tag-imo","tag-international-air-transport-organization","tag-international-civil-aviation-organisation","tag-intergovernmental-organisation-for-international-carriage-by-rail","tag-kendiliginden-yanmaya-yatkin-maddeler","tag-octi","tag-oksitleyici-maddeler","tag-oksitleyici-maddeler-ve-organik-peroksitler-yakici-maddeler","tag-organik-peroksitler","tag-patlayicilar","tag-rid","tag-sinem-bilge-yazilari","tag-sinif-6-1-zehirli-toksik-maddeler","tag-sinif-6-2-biyolojik-zararli-maddeler","tag-sinif-7-radyoaktif-maddeler","tag-sinif-8-asindirici-korozif-maddeler","tag-sinif-9-diger-tehlikeli-maddeler","tag-suya-temas-ettiklerinde-yanici-gaz-cikaran-maddeler","tag-tasimacilik-tipleri","tag-tehlikeli-madde","tag-tehlikeli-madde-lojistigi","tag-tehlikeli-madde-tasimaciligi","tag-tehlikeli-madde-tasinmasi","tag-tehlikeli-maddelerin-siniflandirilmasi","tag-uluslararasi-denizcilik-orgutu","tag-un","tag-unece","tag-united-nations","tag-united-nations-economic-comission-for-europe","tag-yanici-gazlar","tag-yanici-katilar","tag-yanici-sivilar","tag-yanici-ve-zehirli-olmayan-gazlar","tag-zehirli-gazlar","tag-zehirli-ve-bulasici-maddeler","tag-zentralkommission-fuer-die-rhein-schifffahrt","tag-zkr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTehlikeli Madde Lojisti\u011fi - 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