{"id":17793,"date":"2014-11-20T19:00:46","date_gmt":"2014-11-20T17:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=17793"},"modified":"2014-12-01T14:07:30","modified_gmt":"2014-12-01T12:07:30","slug":"denizcilerin-farkinda-olmasi-gereken-7-tehlikeli-hastalik-bozukluk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/denizcilerin-farkinda-olmasi-gereken-7-tehlikeli-hastalik-bozukluk\/","title":{"rendered":"Denizcilerin Fark\u0131nda Olmas\u0131 Gereken 7 Tehlikeli Hastal\u0131k-Bozukluk"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"7Gemilerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak maddi a\u00e7\u0131dan karl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlikleri s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda en tehlikeli mesleklerden birisidir. Kazalar haricinde i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi denizciler hava de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fck tipi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, ki\u015fisel al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar vb. sebepler nedeniyle ciddi hastal\u0131klara ve ba\u015fka sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na e\u011filimlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Denizciler gemiye kat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce s\u0131k\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrollerinden ge\u00e7seler de denizde s\u00fcrekli t\u0131bbi destekten yoksun olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in hayatlar\u0131 risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki listede ticari gemilerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar\/rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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1. El- Kol Titre\u015fimi Sendromu (HAVS)<\/strong>
\nElden aktar\u0131lan titre\u015fim, denizcilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorunlardan birisidir. Raspa cihazlar\u0131<\/span><\/em> (pas s\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc), i\u011fneli tabanca<\/span><\/em> ve el ta\u015flama makinesi<\/span> <\/em>gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 bu sendromun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenidir. Bu ara\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u0131k ve uzun s\u00fcreli kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu sendrom, tedavi edilmedi\u011fi takdirde kal\u0131c\u0131 sakatl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir. Yayg\u0131n belirtileri parmaklarda kar\u0131ncalanma, kol ve bilekte hissizlik ve devaml\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makinelerin g\u00fcvenli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun y\u00f6nergelerin eksikli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer sebepler olan sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131, dola\u015f\u0131m sorunlar\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f beslenme gibi fakt\u00f6rlerle birle\u015fti\u011finde denizciler bu hastal\u0131\u011fa daha a\u00e7\u0131k hale gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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2. Kardiyovask\u00fcler Hastal\u0131klar (CVD)<\/strong>
\nKardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar denizcilerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00f6l\u00fcm ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki genetikten kaynaklanan etkenler, ya\u015f, sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve stres, yetersiz egzersiz gibi gemide \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan bir veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 bu hastal\u0131klardan \u00f6len denizcilerin ortak noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Gemilerde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en az say\u0131da m\u00fcrettebat bulunmas\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczeyde g\u00f6rev zorunlulu\u011fu, bo\u015f vakit ve dinlenme\/e\u011flenme alan\u0131 eksikli\u011fi, y\u00fcksek stres denizciler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k rastlanan kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli nedenlerdir. Her ne kadar gemide, \u015fiddetli g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in isosorbid-dinitrat<\/span><\/em> ve gliseril-trinitrat<\/span><\/em>, kalp ritim bozukluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in metoprolol tartarat<\/span><\/em>, adrenalin<\/span><\/em>, atropin<\/span><\/em> gibi ila\u00e7lar bulunsa da a\u011f\u0131r bir kriz ya da inme durumunda acil t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m gerekir ve karaya tahliyenin zor ya da imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olmas\u0131 denizcilerin hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck risktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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3. Kas-\u0130skelet Bozuklu\u011fu (MSD)<\/strong>
\nAvrupa merkezli bir sa\u011fl\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan Norve\u00e7<\/em><\/span> ve Danimarka<\/span><\/em> bayrakl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k deniz gemilerinde uygulanan bir ankete g\u00f6re, denizcilerin kas ve iskelet yap\u0131lar\u0131yla ilgili ciddi hastal\u0131klardan muzdarip olduklar\u0131 bildirildi. A\u00e7\u0131k denizde operasyonlar\u0131n son teknolojiye sahip modern filolarla, gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, t\u00fcm hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, d\u00fcz 12<\/span><\/em> saatlik vardiyayla ya da 6-6\u2019l\u0131k<\/span><\/em> vardiyalar halinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7o\u011fu denizciye temel fiziksel aktiviteleri yapmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az zaman b\u0131rak\u0131r. MSD<\/em><\/span> \u00e7o\u011fu denizci i\u00e7in sakatl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an hatta bazen denizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya uzun aralar verilmesine sebep olan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. “\u00d6nlem almak tedaviden \u00f6nemlidir.” prensibi do\u011frultusunda belirtildi\u011fi gibi MSD\u2019yi engellemek i\u00e7in tavsiye edilen \u00f6nlemler (egzersiz, germe hareketleri vb) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan daha iyidir. Modern gemilerin iyi spor tesisleri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen zaman ve motivasyon eksikli\u011fi bu konuda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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4. Kanser<\/strong>
\nD\u00fcnyada her sekiz \u00f6l\u00fcmden biri kanser nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor ve bu durum gittik\u00e7e daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fiyor. Denizcilerle ilgili olarak da \u00e7e\u015fitli kanser vakalar\u0131nda kademeli bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131 akci\u011fer kanseri, b\u00f6brek kanseri, lenfoma ve l\u00f6semidir. Asbest<\/span><\/em>, benzen<\/span><\/em> ve benzidin<\/span><\/em> gibi tehlikeli kimyasal maddelerin gemilerden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, berilyum<\/span> <\/em>(\u00fcr\u00fcn tankerlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r), kadmiyum<\/span><\/em>, kur\u015fun<\/span><\/em> gibi yeni kanserojen maddeler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Gemideki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar bu zehirli maddelere s\u00fcrekli maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kansere yakalanabilir. Petrol<\/span><\/em>, kimyasal<\/span> <\/em>ve \u00fcr\u00fcn<\/span> <\/em>tankerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bu kimyasallara maruz kalan personelin beyin kanseri ve l\u00f6semi gibi bir\u00e7ok kanser t\u00fcr\u00fcne yakalanma riski y\u00fcksektir. Sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131, UV \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na maruz kalma, yetersiz uyku gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin de kansere yakalanma riskini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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5. Cinsel Yolla Bula\u015fan Hastal\u0131klar (TSD)<\/strong>
\nYemek ve su gibi cinsel birliktelik de t\u00fcm insanlar i\u00e7in temel bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu durum denizciler i\u00e7in de farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelere seyahat etmek, denizcileri HIV\/AIDS<\/span><\/em>, belso\u011fuklu\u011fu<\/span><\/em> ve frengi<\/span><\/em> gibi z\u00fchrevi hastal\u0131klarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirir. AIDS, i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131nda ve \u00f6zel hayatta ciddi sorunlara neden oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Son zamanlarda denizcili\u011fin bilindik kli\u015felerinden “her limanda bir sevgili” ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak uzun s\u00fcreli yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, bo\u015f zaman ve sosyal imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n eksikli\u011fi, neredeyse her limanda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir seks end\u00fcstrisinin bulunmas\u0131 denizcileri g\u00fcvensiz cinselli\u011fe yatk\u0131n hale getirmekte ve bu da onlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kurban\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda denizciler aras\u0131nda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratmak bu riskleri azaltabilir, ancak her hal\u00fckarda \u00f6z-disiplin ve kontrolle tamamen bu hastal\u0131k tam anlam\u0131yla \u00f6nlenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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6. Salg\u0131n Hastal\u0131klar<\/strong>
\nDenizciler i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yerinde bulunurlar ve bu durum onlar\u0131 s\u0131tma<\/em><\/span>, kolera<\/span><\/em>, sar\u0131humma<\/span><\/em> ve t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz<\/span><\/em> gibi salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirir. Denizciler periyodik olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrollerinde ge\u00e7er ve a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131rlar. Ancak yine de gittikleri b\u00f6lgede yeni hastal\u0131klar\u0131n aniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi bir tehdittir. \u00d6rnek olarak son zamanlarda Bat\u0131 Afrika<\/span> <\/em>\u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen EBOLA<\/span><\/em> salg\u0131n\u0131 verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Bu t\u00fcr durumlar i\u00e7in en iyi uygulama, gemide bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirler almakt\u0131r. Gemi Kaptan\u0131 ve m\u00fcrettebat bu tip hastal\u0131klar ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirilmelidir. Karaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f izinlerinin ve gemiye girip \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015filerin kontrol ve kay\u0131t alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 da hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in bir \u00f6nlem olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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7-) Hipertansiyon<\/strong>
\nHipertansiyon, ticari ve a\u00e7\u0131k deniz filolar\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck mesleki tehlikelerden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 stres, yorgunluk, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, sigara ve alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131, fiziksel aktivite eksikli\u011fi de bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tetikleyicileridir. Hipertansiyon inme<\/span> ve b\u00f6brek yetmezli\u011fi<\/span><\/em> gibi hastal\u0131klara da yol a\u00e7abilir. Yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, sigara ve alkol\u00fc b\u0131rakmak, y\u00fczme ve yoga gibi fiziksel aktivitelerle, hipertansiyon b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0130\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi zorlu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. Denizciler de bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fin bir sonucu olabilece\u011finin fark\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir\u00e7ok durumda, yukar\u0131da belirtilen hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ILO<\/span><\/em> taraf\u0131ndan mesleki hastal\u0131k olarak listelenmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen tazminat \u00f6demesi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meslek s\u00fcrecinde g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken bu gibi durum ve hastal\u0131klarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in denizcilerin her a\u00e7\u0131dan destek alabilmesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Kaynak:<\/strong> MarineInsight<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Terc\u00fcme: Ece Eldek<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekleyen: Gizem S\u00fcrer<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gemilerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak maddi a\u00e7\u0131dan karl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlikleri s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda en tehlikeli mesleklerden birisidir. Kazalar haricinde i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi denizciler hava de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fck tipi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, ki\u015fisel al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar vb. sebepler nedeniyle ciddi hastal\u0131klara ve ba\u015fka sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na e\u011filimlidir. Denizciler gemiye kat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce s\u0131k\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrollerinden ge\u00e7seler de denizde s\u00fcrekli t\u0131bbi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3048,"featured_media":17806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[522],"tags":[2741,2735,2742,2729,2732,2736,2737,2731,2712,2713,2819,2746,2708,2733,2662,2744,2714,2734,2745,508,2743,2738,2711,2709,2710,2716,2730,2740,2747,2717,2715,2718,2739],"class_list":["post-17793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ozel-yazilar","tag-adrenalin","tag-asbest","tag-atropin","tag-bati-afrika","tag-belsoguklugu","tag-benzen","tag-benzidin","tag-bobrek-yetmezligi","tag-cinsel-yolla-bulasan-hastaliklar","tag-ebola","tag-ece-eldek-tercumeleri","tag-el-taslama-makinesi","tag-el-kol-titresimi-sendromu","tag-frengi","tag-gizem-surer-eklemeleri","tag-gliseril-trinitrat","tag-hipertansiyon","tag-hivaids","tag-igneli-tabanca","tag-ilo","tag-isosorbid-dinitrat","tag-kadmiyum","tag-kanser","tag-kardiyovaskuler-hastaliklar","tag-kas-iskelet-bozuklugu","tag-kolera","tag-marineinsight","tag-metoprolol-tartarat","tag-raspa-cihazlari","tag-sarihumma","tag-sitma","tag-tuberkuloz","tag-uv-isinlari"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDenizcilerin Fark\u0131nda Olmas\u0131 Gereken 7 Tehlikeli Hastal\u0131k-Bozukluk - 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