![\"Merak](\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Soru-%C4%B0%C5%9Fareti.png\")
Gemi makine dairesinde, bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aleti \u00f6nemli ve \u00e7e\u015fitli parametreleri g\u00f6stermektedir; bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k gibi. Ancak bu \u00f6nemli parametrelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131, bir\u00e7ok devingen etkenden dolay\u0131, hi\u00e7 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aletiyle do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemezler.<\/p>\n
Bu olgu gemilerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gemi m\u00fchendislerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn etkenleri ve girdileri dikkate alarak form\u00fcl \u00fcretmesine<\/span><\/em> yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok form\u00fcl aras\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gemi m\u00fchendisinin tamamen eksiksiz<\/span><\/em> ve yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131z<\/em><\/span> bilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da gemide \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan m\u00fchendisler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle kay\u0131t tutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan 3 \u00f6nemli parametreyi<\/em><\/span> g\u00f6rece\u011fiz:<\/p>\n 1. Yak\u0131t Hesaplama<\/strong><\/p>\n Yak\u0131t terimi denizcilik end\u00fcstrisinde fuel-oil ile e\u015fde\u011ferdir. \u00d6zellikle yak\u0131t miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplama bir gemi m\u00fchendisinin b\u00fct\u00fcn kariyeri boyunca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli hesaplamalardan biridir.Yak\u0131t ayr\u0131ca de\u011feri y\u00fcksek bir meta olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 miktar\u0131 belirlenirken dikkatlice ve tam olarak hesaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yak\u0131t\u0131n tam olarak miktar\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kla birlikte y\u00fckselirken ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenden dolay\u0131 yak\u0131t miktar olarak de\u011fil a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k olarak sipari\u015f edilir.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca gemi \u00fczerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn enerji ve verimlilik hesaplamalar\u0131 yak\u0131t\u0131n miktar\u0131ndan ziyade yak\u0131t\u0131n k\u00fctlesi \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (Yak\u0131t miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k olarak hesaplanmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok etken i\u00e7erir ki bu durum hesaplamay\u0131 daha kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k hale getirmektedir.)<\/p>\n Genelde, gemideki d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u00fchendis, ba\u015fm\u00fchendisin vekili olarak yak\u0131t ikmali, yak\u0131t miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n tutulmas\u0131ndan mesuld\u00fcr.<\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yak\u0131t miktar\u0131 i\u00e7in hesaplama ve \u00f6l\u00e7me i\u015flemlerini g\u00f6rece\u011fiz;<\/p>\n – \u0130lk \u00f6nce gemiye al\u0131nan toplam yak\u0131t miktar\u0131, ton baz\u0131nda, onaylat\u0131l\u0131r, geminin yak\u0131t depolar\u0131 kontrol edilir ve gemide h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda bulunan yak\u0131t miktar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmek suretiyle her depoya ne kadar yak\u0131t al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve bunun s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 belirten yak\u0131t plan\u0131 form\u00fcle edilir. Yak\u0131t miktar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k miktar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan temel form\u00fcl \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n K\u00fctle = Miktar x Yo\u011funluk<\/p>\n – Yukar\u0131daki form\u00fclle hesaplama yap\u0131l\u0131rken yak\u0131t\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve miktar\u0131 ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fczeyindeyken dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Depo s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015f yak\u0131t yo\u011funluk form\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n (Yak\u0131t\u0131n Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 15\u00b0C) x (1-((T-15)x0.00064))<\/p>\n – \u00a0T = 1 Depo i\u00e7indeki yak\u0131t\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 santigrad derece baz\u0131nda<\/span> Yak\u0131t gemiye genel olarak 15\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan daha fazla s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa sahip olarak y\u00fcklendi\u011finden, yak\u0131t\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k olarak hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n Metrik Ton = Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u0130skandil Miktar\u0131 x S\u0131cakl\u0131k Derecesiyle D\u00fczeltilmi\u015f Yo\u011funluk<\/p>\n Her depo i\u00e7in ilgili de\u011ferler kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7izelge halinde sunulmal\u0131 ve depodaki toplam yak\u0131t\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2. \u00d6zg\u00fcl Yak\u0131t T\u00fcketimi (Specific Fuel Oil Consumption – SFOC)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6zg\u00fcl yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi belirli bir zaman i\u00e7erisinde kilowatt \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcketilen yak\u0131t k\u00fctlesinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Gemi m\u00fchendisinin verimi de \u00f6zg\u00fcl yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi hesaplama becerisi \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hesaplamay\u0131 do\u011fru yapabilmek i\u00e7in, yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi ve yak\u0131t\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc her zaman belirli bir zaman dilimi i\u00e7erisinde iyi hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda hesaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hesaplama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan form\u00fcl \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n Yak\u0131t T\u00fcketimi = Saatte T\u00fcketilen Yak\u0131t Miktar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fctlesi \/ KW Baz\u0131nda Olu\u015fturulan G\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n – Ana motordaki debimetreden okunan de\u011ferler belirli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131yla not edilmelidir. \u00c7\u0131kan de\u011ferlerdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler t\u00fcketilen yak\u0131t miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer yak\u0131t sadece ana makineye aktar\u0131l\u0131yorsa HFO(A\u011f\u0131r Yak\u0131t) miktar\u0131 ele al\u0131narak da hesaplama yap\u0131labilir. 3. Kayma Y\u00fczdesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Kayma terimi geminin teorik olarak h\u0131z\u0131 ve geminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen h\u0131z\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ifade etmektedir ve y\u00fczdesel olarak hesaplanmaktad\u0131r. Eksi oran genelde karinan\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda olmas\u0131 gemi g\u00f6vdesinin dalgalara ve r\u00fczg\u00e2ra kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi diren\u00e7ten kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Pozitif oran ise geminin dalgayla veya r\u00fczg\u00e2rla ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde seyretmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Motordaki kaymalar ise g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak hesaplanmal\u0131 ve seyir defterine i\u015flenmelidir.<\/p>\n Motor Mesafesi \u2013 G\u00f6zlemlenen Mesafe<\/p>\n Kayma Y\u00fczdesi = ——————– x %100<\/p>\n Motor Mesafesi;<\/p>\n – Gemi taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan g\u00fcnl\u00fck mesafe, deniz mili baz\u0131nda, geminin seyir defterine yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Deniz Mili Baz\u0131nda Motor Mesafesi = Pervane Seviyesi x G\u00fcnl\u00fck Devinim<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131daki parametrelerin de\u011ferlerinin eksiksiz elde edilmesi zorlu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131n, bu parametrelerin geminin seyrinde bir\u00e7ok etkene ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi sebepleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kaynak: MarineInsight Gemi makine dairesinde, bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aleti \u00f6nemli ve \u00e7e\u015fitli parametreleri g\u00f6stermektedir; bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k gibi. Ancak bu \u00f6nemli parametrelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131, bir\u00e7ok devingen etkenden dolay\u0131, hi\u00e7 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aletiyle do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemezler. Bu olgu gemilerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gemi m\u00fchendislerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn etkenleri ve girdileri dikkate alarak form\u00fcl \u00fcretmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok form\u00fcl aras\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gemi m\u00fchendisinin tamamen eksiksiz ve yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131z …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2713,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[1472,2434,2454,2439,305,1003,2436,2438,2437,2435],"class_list":["post-16384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-merak-edilenler","tag-gamze-nur-yalcin-eklemeleri","tag-gemi-muhendisleri","tag-gorkem-gorgec-medya-takibi","tag-kayma-yuzdesi","tag-merak-edilenler-2","tag-orkut-akar-duzenlemeleri","tag-ozgul-yakit-tuketimi","tag-sfoc","tag-specific-fuel-oil-consumption","tag-yakit-hesaplama"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n![\"Gemi](\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gemi-makine-dairesi.png\")
\n– Yak\u0131t ikmal i\u015flemi ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, al\u0131nacak yak\u0131t\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesi onaylanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu parametrelerle birlikte her bir depoya al\u0131nacak yak\u0131t\u0131n miktar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 hesaplanmal\u0131 ve depolar\u0131n nihai seviyeleri, ikmali durdurmak veya di\u011fer bir tanka ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in yak\u0131t kullanma kapasitesi dikkate al\u0131narak, not edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\n– Yak\u0131t\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra, t\u00fcm tanklar i\u00e7in tank\u0131n dolu ve bo\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 iskandil kayd\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hesaplanmal\u0131 ve tank\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesi de not al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130skandil \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131rken iskandil hamuru kullanmak MDO(Deniz Dizel Yak\u0131t\u0131) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.
\n– Her gemi yak\u0131t deposu kapasitesi ile teslim edilir. Bu tabloda her deponun geminin dengede kalmas\u0131 ve yan yatmas\u0131 durumuna kar\u015f\u0131n d\u00fczeltme de\u011ferleri verilmi\u015f olup bu de\u011ferler doluluk oranlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple, yak\u0131t deposunda deponun s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesindeki yak\u0131t\u0131n miktar\u0131 bu tabloyla birlikte hesaplan\u0131r.
\n– Yak\u0131t\u0131n belirli standart s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesi olan 15\u00b0 C \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (kg\/m3 olarak) her zaman yak\u0131t teslim d\u00f6k\u00fcman\u0131nda belirtilmektedir. Bununla birlikte depodaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesine g\u00f6re yak\u0131t\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ASTM(Amerikan Materyal ve Test Birli\u011fi) tablosuna g\u00f6re veya genelde her geminin bilgisayar\u0131nda y\u00fckl\u00fc olan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlarla hesaplanabilir.<\/p>\n
\n– \u00a00.00064 = D\u00fczeltme Katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n![\"tank-weight\"](\"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/tank-weight.png\")
\n– G\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f t\u00fcketilen yak\u0131t miktar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctlesi yukarda bahsedilen form\u00fclle hesaplanabilmektedir.
\n– E\u011fer dinamometre motorun BHP\u2019sini (Fren Beygir G\u00fcc\u00fc) g\u00f6steren miline tak\u0131l\u0131 ise motorun beygir g\u00fcc\u00fc bu dijital g\u00f6sterge okunarak hesaplanabilinir. E\u011fer tak\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fil ise beygir g\u00fcc\u00fc ayr\u0131ca motor RPM\u2019si (Dakikadaki Devir Say\u0131s\u0131) kullan\u0131larak veya gemi y\u00fczebilirlik denemelerinde olu\u015fturulan, gemi in\u015fa s\u0131ras\u0131nda teslim edilen ve motorun \u00f6zelliklerini yans\u0131tan e\u011frilerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan ortalama yak\u0131t pompalama endeksi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hesaplanabilir. Ancak gemi y\u00fczebilirlik denemelerinde kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir ve bu nedenle daha eksiksiz bir hesaplama i\u00e7in d\u00fczeltme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n– Gemi pervanesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam devinim g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak devinim sayac\u0131ndan elde edilmelidir.
\n– Motor mesafesi gemi in\u015fas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda verilen pervane devinim seviyesi kullan\u0131larak hesaplanabilir. Ancak hesaplama yap\u0131l\u0131rken devinim g\u00f6stergesi olan metrenin deniz miline \u00e7evrilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/a><\/span>Medya Takip: G\u00f6rkem G\u00f6rge\u00e7<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nEdit\u00f6r: Orkut Akar<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
\nEkleyen: Gamze Nur Yal\u00e7\u0131n<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"