{"id":15888,"date":"2014-05-11T19:00:48","date_gmt":"2014-05-11T16:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/?p=15888"},"modified":"2024-01-16T21:01:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T18:01:34","slug":"uluslararasi-denizcilik-organizasyonlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-marineeducation.com\/tr\/uluslararasi-denizcilik-organizasyonlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik Organizasyonlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lojistik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc hem negatif d\u0131\u015fsall\u0131klar\u0131ndan (CO2 emisyonu, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi gibi) hem de direk olarak art\u0131-de\u011fer yaratmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sekt\u00f6rel olarak en \u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lan alanlardan biri olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler genelde uluslararas\u0131 organizasyonlar taraf\u0131ndan yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere empoze edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kurumlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6zet bilgiler bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

1) The International Chamber of Shipping (Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik Odas\u0131) (ICS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

1921<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ICS<\/span><\/em> \u00fclkelerin ulusal armat\u00f6r dernekleri taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve d\u00fcnya deniz ticaret filosunun %80<\/span><\/em>\u2019ninden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir. Kurum temel amac\u0131n\u0131 bu do\u011frultuda gemi sahiplerinin ve operat\u00f6rlerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak olarak belirlemi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda denizcilik piyasas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fat akt\u00f6rleriyle (IMO, UNCTAD gibi) beraber projeler y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/p>\n

2) The International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (Uluslararas\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Tanker Sahipleri Birli\u011fi) (INTERTANKO)<\/strong><\/p>\n

INTERTANKO 1970<\/span><\/em>\u2019te kurulan ve sadece ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tanker sahiplerini, operat\u00f6rlerini kapsayan bir kurumdur. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 212<\/span><\/em> tanker sahibi ve operat\u00f6rden olu\u015fan birlik 270 milyon tonluk<\/span><\/em> tanker kapasitesini kontrol etmektedir. Kurum \u00fc\u00e7 ana gayesini \u201cg\u00fcvenli ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k, temiz deniz ve serbest rekabet<\/span>\u201d<\/em> olarak belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

3) The International Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners (Uluslararas\u0131 Kuru Y\u00fck Gemisi Sahipleri Birli\u011fi) (INTERCARGO)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk toplant\u0131s\u0131 1980<\/span><\/em>\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen birli\u011fin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 100<\/span><\/em>\u2019den fazla \u00fcyesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte kurum yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 30 milyon tonluk<\/span><\/em> kuru y\u00fck gemisi kapasitesini kontrol etmektedir. Temel ama\u00e7 \u00fcyelerin ve sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak olup bu do\u011frultuda \u00fcyelerine bili\u015fim ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n

4) Baltic and International Maritime Council (Balt\u0131k ve Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik Komisyonu) (BIMCO)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir grup gemi sahibi taraf\u0131ndan Balt\u0131k Denizi ve Beyaz Deniz (<\/span>ger\u00e7ek \u201cWhite Sea\u201d<\/span><\/em>) \u00e7evresindeki ticareti geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla 1905 <\/span><\/em>y\u0131l\u0131nda Kopenhag\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. Gemi kiralama matbu formlar\u0131yla me\u015fhur olan kurum d\u00fcnya denizcilik filosunun y\u00fczde 60<\/span><\/em>\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra gemi brokerleri, deniz hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 ve P&I kurulu\u015flar\u0131 da kurumun \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5) International Chamber of Commerce (Uluslararas\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131) (ICC)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deniz ticaretinin genel ekonominin t\u00fcrevi (kruvaziyer turizmi hari\u00e7<\/span><\/em>) olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deniz ticaretine dolayl\u0131 yoldan etkisinin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 1919<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ICC \u201cIncoterms<\/span><\/em>\u201d gibi uluslararas\u0131 ticareti do\u011frudan etkileyen standartlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca denizcilikle do\u011frudan alakal\u0131 kendi b\u00fcnyesinde \u201cInternational Maritime Bureau\u201d<\/span><\/em> (Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik B\u00fcrosu<\/em>) gibi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6) International Maritime Bureau (Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik B\u00fcrosu) (IMB)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde 1981<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan IMB\u2019nin temel hedefleri deniz ticaretinde usuls\u00fczl\u00fck, sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131k <\/span>ve korsanlara<\/span> kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmektir. Bu do\u011frultuda 1992<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cThe Piracy Reporting Centre<\/span><\/em>\u201d<\/span> Kuala Lumpur\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcyelerine dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, deniz ticaretinde g\u00fcvenlik temal\u0131 kurslar gibi hizmetler vermektedir.<\/p>\n

7) International Labour Organization (Uluslararas\u0131 Emek Organizasyonu) (ILO)<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sonland\u0131ran Versailles<\/span> Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/span><\/em> neticesinde kurulan ILO bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sosyal adalet ile gelece\u011fine inanan ender kurumlardan biridir. \u015eu anda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler<\/span><\/em> alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren ILO bug\u00fcne kadar toplam 32<\/span><\/em> kez Deniz \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kongresi<\/span><\/em> d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. 2006<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen kongrede denizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve kongre kararlar\u0131n\u0131n devletler d\u00fczeyinde yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015ftir. 5 ana ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fan kararlar asgari \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015f\u0131, sosyal sigorta ve armat\u00f6r\u00fcn sorumluluklar\u0131 gibi konular\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

8) International Maritime Organization (Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) (IMO)<\/strong><\/p>\n

1948<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin bir kolu olarak kurulan \u201cInter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization\u201d<\/span><\/em> (IMCO), 1982<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fimdiki ad\u0131 olan Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/span><\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de kurucu \u00fcye olarak rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 5 ana komiteden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r;<\/p>\n

\u2022 Deniz G\u00fcvenlik Komitesi
\n\u2022 Denizcilik \u00c7evre ve Do\u011fay\u0131 Koruma Komitesi
\n\u2022 Teknik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Komitesi
\n\u2022 Hukuk Komitesi
\n\u2022 Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Komite<\/p>\n

Temel hedefi denizlerde g\u00fcvenlik ve do\u011fay\u0131 koruma olsa da bir\u00e7ok alanda uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalara imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlileri SOLAS <\/span><\/em>ve MARPOL<\/span><\/em>\u2019d\u00fcr. \u0130lki denizlerde g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hedeflerken di\u011feri denizlerde kirlilik oran\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemektedir. D\u00fcnya Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn tek ba\u015f\u0131na uygulamalar\u0131 sekt\u00f6rdeki payda\u015flara dikte etme g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktur. Bu sebeple anla\u015fmalar\u0131n uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in bayrak \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

9) Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers (Gemi Brokerlar\u0131 Derne\u011fi) (ICS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok yerel broker derneklerinin bir araya gelmesiyle 1911<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Uluslararas\u0131 gemi brokerli\u011fi ve kiralama alan\u0131nda en yetkin isme sahip olan kurum kendi b\u00fcnyesinde bu alanda ders baz\u0131nda kurslar vermektedir. Verilen kurslar\u0131n sonunda yap\u0131lan s\u0131navlarda 7 dersten ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flayan ki\u015filere, \u00fcyelerinin de tavsiyesini alarak \u00fcyelik sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ki\u015finin e\u011fitimine ve i\u015f tecr\u00fcbesine g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok dersten muafiyet sa\u011flayan ICS<\/span><\/em> bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra insanlara sadece s\u0131navlara girerek \u00fcye olma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 da vermektedir. 1984<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00fcyeli\u011fin sadece Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve \u0130ngiliz Milletler Toplulu\u011fu\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu dernekte, 1984′<\/span><\/em>te yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeyle \u00fcyelik sistemi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

10) Federation of National Associations of Shipbrokers and Agents (Brokerler ve Acenteler Ulusal Birlikleri Federasyonu) (FONASBA)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avrupa gemi brokerleri ve acente birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan 1969<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Birlik genel olarak gemi sahipleri, brokerler ve acenteler aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011finin geli\u015ftirilmesini hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok alt komitesinden biri olan Kiralama ve Belgeleme Komitesi, geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi kiralama s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kurum bug\u00fcn itibariyle 38<\/span><\/em> \u00fclkenin ulusal birliklerini temsil etmekte ve di\u011fer 11<\/span><\/em> \u00fclke de kendi \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

11) International Federation of Forwarding Agents\u2019 Associations (Uluslararas\u0131 Sevkiyat Acenteleri Birlikleri Federasyonu) (FIATA)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Organizasyon 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda Viyana\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. FIATA k\u0131saltmas\u0131 \u201cFederation Internationale de Associations de Transitaires et Assimiles<\/em><\/span>\u201d olarak Frans\u0131zca\u2019dan gelmektedir. Sadece denizcilik alan\u0131nda de\u011fil di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok ula\u015ft\u0131rma modelleri i\u00e7inde de aktif rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Multimodal ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda matbu formlar FIATA arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kurum ulusal birliklerle beraber yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 40.000 sevkiyat ve lojistik firmas\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

12) International Association of Classification Societies (Uluslararas\u0131 Kl\u00e2s Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Birli\u011fi) (IACS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 12<\/span> kl\u00e2s kurulu\u015funun \u00fcye oldu\u011fu birlik 1968<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda Hamburg\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. Kurum yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak d\u00fcnya kargo ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ton baz\u0131nda %90<\/span><\/em>\u2019n\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir. S\u00fcrekli olarak \u00fcyelerini denetime tabi tutan kurumun temel amac\u0131 denizlerde g\u00fcvenli ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yolculu\u011fu sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Birli\u011fe \u00fcye olma yolunda T\u00fcrk Loydu<\/span><\/em> da emin ad\u0131mlarla ilerlemektedir.<\/p>\n

13) International Transport Workers\u2019 Federation (Uluslararas\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Federasyonu) (ITF)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 4,5<\/span> milyon<\/span><\/em> ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7isini temsil eden ve 700<\/span><\/em>\u2019den fazla sendikan\u0131n \u00fcye oldu\u011fu ITF 1896<\/span><\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda kolay bayrak \u00fclkelerine artan ilgi ITF\u2019<\/em>nin denizcilik konusuna olan ilgisini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stuttgart kongresinde her ne kadar bu konu \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunsa da uygulama da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Viyana kongresi daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f, liman i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ve gemi adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma standartlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki \u00e7o\u011fu sendikan\u0131n ITF \u00fcyeli\u011finin \u00a0olmas\u0131 ve bu sendikalar\u0131n ortak hareket etme e\u011filimleri bir\u00e7ok alanda kurumun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Orkut Akar<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekleyen:<\/strong> Ecenaz Kincal<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lojistik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc hem negatif d\u0131\u015fsall\u0131klar\u0131ndan (CO2 emisyonu, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi gibi) hem de direk olarak art\u0131-de\u011fer yaratmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sekt\u00f6rel olarak en \u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lan alanlardan biri olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler genelde uluslararas\u0131 organizasyonlar taraf\u0131ndan yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere empoze edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kurumlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6zet bilgiler bulabilirsiniz. 1) The International Chamber of Shipping (Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik Odas\u0131) (ICS) …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2761,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[2318,987,2363,2404,2403,2405,1522,103,508,2401,205,2400,2399,2402,1003,565,556,2398,2323],"class_list":["post-15888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-merak-edilenler","tag-baris-anil-cetin-yazilari","tag-bimco","tag-ecenaz-kincal-eklemeleri","tag-fiata","tag-fonasba","tag-iacs","tag-icc","tag-ics","tag-ilo","tag-imb","tag-imo","tag-intercargo","tag-intertanko","tag-marpol","tag-orkut-akar-duzenlemeleri","tag-solas","tag-turk-loydu","tag-uluslararasi-denizcilik-organizasyonlari","tag-unctad"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik Organizasyonlar\u0131 - 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